- Tibiofemoral joint (3 bones: femur, tibia and the patella) - Hinge synovial joint - Fibrocartilaginous rings/menisci: medial meniscus --> semicircular, lateral miniscus --> almost a complete ring - responsible for shock absorbing, improving congruency and contact area - allows for the flexion and extension of the leg (at the knee)

Lower Limbs Flashcards by Dursa Koshkebaghi

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Function: medial rotation of the thigh/hip joint, abduction of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gluteus Medius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tensor Fascia Lata

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: inferior gluteal nerve
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint, extension of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Obturator Internus

Origin: obturator foramen
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to obturator internus (passes through the lesser sciatic foramen)
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Obturator Externus

Origin: obturator foramen
Insertion: proximal femur (behind anatomical neck of femur)
Nerve: obturator nerve
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Superior Gemellus

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to the obturator internus
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inferior Gemellus

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to Quadratus Femoris
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Quadratus Femoris

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to Quadratus Femoris
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Piriformis

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur (head and neck of femur)
Nerve: N to piriformis (passes through greater sciatic foramen)
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do insertions at the proximal femur occur?

Occur at the greater trochanter of the femur or lower

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 6 lateral rotators?

Obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, piriformis, Quadratus Femoris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Knee Joint

Tibiofemoral joint (3 bones: femur, tibia and the patella)
Hinge synovial joint
Fibrocartilaginous rings/menisci: medial meniscus –> semicircular, lateral miniscus –> almost a complete ring
responsible for shock absorbing, improving congruency and contact area
allows for the flexion and extension of the leg (at the knee)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ligaments of the Knee

1) Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- connects the femur to the tibia
- resists valgus forces
- broad fan shaped ligament

2) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- connects the femur to the fibula
- resists varus forces

3) Posterior cruciate ligament
- starts at the posterior intercondylar tibia
- attaches to the inner aspect of the medial condyle
- prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

4) Anterior cruciate ligament
- starts at the anterior tibia
- attaches to the inner portion of the lateral condyle
- prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sartorius

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: FABER: flexion, abduction, external/lateral rotation at the thigh/hip, weak flexion at the knee
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Iliopsoas

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: flexes the thigh at the hip
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rectus femoris

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: flexing the thigh at the hip, extending the leg at the knee joint
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh, makes part of the quadriceps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus lateralis

Study These Flashcards

Origin: majority of the femur (relative origins)
Insertion: proximal tibia
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: extend the leg at the knee joint
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh, make up the quadriceps

Semitendinosus

Study These Flashcards

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal tibia
Nerve: sciatic nerve
Function: extend the thigh at the hip, flex the leg at the knee
Where is it?: posterior portion of the thigh, make up the hamstrings

Semimembranosus

Study These Flashcards

Biceps femoris
- short head (deeper)
- long head (superficial)

Study These Flashcards

Origin: mid-femur (short), posterior pelvis (long)
Insertion: fibula
Nerve: sciatic nerve
Function: extend the thigh at the hip, flex the leg at the knee
Where is it?: posterior portion of the thigh, make up the hamstrings

Pectineus

Study These Flashcards

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: proximal-medial femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: flexing and adducting the thigh
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

Adductor Brevis

Study These Flashcards

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: proximal-medial femur
Nerve: obturator nerve
Function: adducting the thigh
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

Adductor Longus

Study These Flashcards

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: proximal-medial femur
Nerve: obturator nerve
Function: adducting the thigh
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

Gracilis

Origin: pubic ramus Insertion: medial tibia Nerve: obturator nerve Function: adducting the thigh (flex the knee?) Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

Adductor Magnus - hamstring portion - adductor portion

Origin: pubic ramus Insertion: mid-femur (adductor portion), adductor tubercle (hamstring portion) Nerve: sciatic nerve Function: adduct the thigh (adductor portion), extend the thigh (hamstring portion) Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

Sciatic Branches

Sciatic nerve --> tibial nerve (posterior leg) & common fibular nerve --> passes around fibular head --> superficial fibular nerve (lateral leg) and deep fibular nerve (anterior leg)

Tibialis Posterior

Origin: posterior lower leg Insertion: tarsals Nerve: Function: plantar flexion and inverting the foot Where is it?: posterior leg (DEEP)

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Origin: posterior leg Insertion: toes 2-5 Nerve: Function: plantar flexion and flexing the toes Where is it?: posterior leg (DEEP)

Flexor Hallicus Longus

Origin: posterior lower leg Insertion: 1st toe Nerve: Function: plantar flexion and flexing the 1st toe Where is it?: posterior leg (DEEP)

Describe Tom Dick ANd Harry

Tibularis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Posterior tibial Artery Tibial Nerve Flexor Hallicus Longus

Soleus

Origin: posterior tibia and fibula Insertion: calcaneus Nerve: Function: plantar flexion at the ankle Where is it?: posterior leg (superficial to the tibialis posterior)

Gastrocnemius & Plantaris - gastrocnemius has a lateral and medial head

Origin: distal femur Insertion: calcaneus Nerve: Function: plantar flexion at the ankle, flexion at the knee Where is it?: posterior leg

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: anterior lower leg Insertion: tarsals Nerve: Function: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot Where is it?: anterior leg

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin: anterior leg Insertion: 2-5th toe Nerve: Function: dorsiflexion and extension of the 2nd-5th toe Where is it?: anterior leg

Extensor Hallicus Longus

Origin: anterior leg Insertion: 1st toe Nerve: Function: dorsiflexion and extension of the 1st toe Where is it?: anterior leg

Fibularis Longus

Origin: lateral lower leg Insertion: foot Nerve: Function: everts foot and weak plantarflexion Where is it?: lateral leg

Fibularis Brevis

Origin: anterior leg Insertion: toes 2-5 Nerve: Function: everts foot and weak plantarflexion Where is it?: lateral leg

Ligaments of the lower leg

Tibiofibular: anterior and posterior - in between the tibia and the fibula - works to stabilize the inferior tibiofibular joint

Ligaments of the lateral leg

Lateral collateral ligaments - Anterior talofibular ligament - Posterior talofibular ligament - Calcaneofibular ligament - resist inversion

Ligaments of the medial ankle

Medial collateral ligaments/deltoid ligament - resist eversion

Joints of the Ankle and Foot

1. Talocrural Joint - true ankle joint - responsible for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion 2. Subtalar Joint - between calcaneus and talus - responsible for inversion and eversion 3. Metatarsalphalangeal joints - between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges - flexion, extension, abduction and adduction (axis down 2nd toe) 4. Interphalangeal joints (proximal and distal) - responsible for flexion and extension 5. Calcaneocuboid Joint - between calcaneous bone and cuboid bone 6. Talonavicular Joint - between talus and navicular bone *5 and 6 make the transverse tarsal joint

Which joints allow for inversion and eversion of the foot

Subtalar and the transverse tarsal joint

Hip Joint & Stability

1. Articular cartilage that covers the lunate surface of the pelvis and the head of the femur 2. Acetabular Labrum 3. Transverse acetabular ligament (spans the acetabular notch) 4. Ligament of the femoral head Stability is due to: - surrounding muscles -intrinsic ligaments - articular capsule - deep socket

Lower Limbs Flashcards

(44 cards)