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resp anatomy > lower resp tract > Flashcards

lower resp tract Flashcards

1
Q

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم توكلنا عليك يا سميع الدعاء

مزايا الفقرات الصدرية ؟

A

costal facets

transvers process articular facets except 11 12

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2
Q

anterior surface of bodies are connected bt ?

A

anterior lonigtudinal ligament

The posterior surfaces are
connected by the posterior
longitudinal ligament.

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3
Q

Articular processes: are
articulated by
joints.

A

plane synovial

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4
Q

: are connected
by the ligamentum
flavum.

A

Laminae

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5
Q

Spines: are connected
by
and their tips by

A

interspinous ligaments

supraspinous ligaments.

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6
Q

are connected by

intertransverse ligaments.

A

Transverse processes:

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7
Q 
The intervertebral discs 
(IVD) 
o They are ,,,,,
cartilaginous joints and are 
designed for weight bearing 
and strength. 
o The discs provide
A

secondary

strong 
attachments between 
vertebral bodies but permit
movements between 
vertebrae.
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8
Q

Each IVD consists of

A 
an 
outer fibrous part 
(annulus fibrosus) and a 
gelatinous central part 
(nucleus pulposus).
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9
Q

Typical ribs from ?

A

3rd to 9th

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10
Q

the neck of 1st rib structers passes anteriot to it ?

A

The symphathtic chain with stallate ganglion
superior intercostal artery
Ventral ramus of first thoracic nerve

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11
Q

sclaneus anteriro related two to grooves explain “

A

The anterior subvlavian vein
the posterior
subclavain artery

lower trunkl of the the brachial pleux

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12
Q 
The manubriosternal
joint:
o It is a ,,,,
cartilaginous joint 
between the 
manubrium and the 
body of the sternum. 
o A small amount of 
angular movement is 
possible during 
respiration.
A

secondary

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13
Q 
The xiphisternal joint: 
o It is a ,,,,,,
cartilaginous joint 
between the xiphoid 
process and the body of 
the sternum. 
o The xiphoid process 
usually fuses with the 
body of the sternum 
during middle age.
A

secondary

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14
Q 
▪ Costochondral joints 
(joints of the ribs and 
costal cartilages):
o These joints are 
,,,,joints. 
o No movement 
normally occurs at 
these joints.
A

cartilaginous

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15
Q 
Sternocostal Joints 
o The first costal cartilages 
articulate with the 
manubrium, by ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
cartilaginous joints that 
permit. No movement. 
o The 2nd to the 7th costal 
cartilages articulate with 
the lateral border of the 
sternum by ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
A

primary

synovial
joints.

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16
Q 
Interchondral joints
o The 6
th
, 7
th
, 8
th
, 9
th , and 
10th costal cartilages 
articulate with one 
another along their 
borders by ??????????????
A

small synovial

joints.

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17
Q 
Joints of the heads of the 
ribs
o The head of each rib from 
the 2nd to the 9th ribs, 
articulates by means of a  ,,,,,,,,,,,,, with the costal  facet of 
 the corresponding 
vertebral body and that of 
the vertebra above it (e.g. 
the head of the 6 th rib 
articulates with the superior 
part of the body of T6 , the 
inferior part of T5, and the 
intervertebral disc between 
these vertebrae).
A

synovial joint

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18
Q

The 1
st rib and the 10th
,
11th, and 12th ribs

A

have a
single synovial joint with
their corresponding
vertebral body.

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19
Q

There is a strong intraarticular ligament that

A

connects the head to the

intervertebral disc.

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20
Q 
The tubercle of a rib 
articulates by means of a 
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, process of the 
corresponding vertebra. 
o This joint is absent on the 
11th b and 12th ribs.
A

synovial joint with the

transverse

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21
Q

Costotransverse ligament:

passing from

A

the neck of the

rib to the transverse process.

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22
Q

Superior costotransverse
ligament: is a broad band that
joins

A

the crest of the neck of
the rib to the transverse
process superior to it.

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23
Q 
Rotation movement occurs 
around a ..................that 
traverses the head and neck
of the ........and this 
result in elevation and 
depression movements of 
the sternal ends of the ribs 
and the sternum causing the 
............movement.
A

transverse axis
upper 6 ribs
pump-handle

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24
Q 
............movement of the 
.........................
result in elevation and 
depression of the lateralmost portions of these ribs 
in the transverse plane 
causing the..............
A

Gliding
joints of the 7th-10th ribs
bucket-handle movement.

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25
Q

قسم لي عضلات الجدار الصدري ؟

A 
عضلات رابطة للضلوع
عضلات رابطة الضلوع بالقص
transversus thoracics sternocostalis
عضلات رابطة الضلوع الفقرات
عضلات فاصلة التجويفين البطني والصدري
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25
Q

قسم لي عضلات الجدار الصدري ؟

A 
عضلات رابطة للضلوع
عضلات رابطة الضلوع بالقص
transversus thoracics sternocostalis
عضلات رابطة الضلوع الفقرات
عضلات فاصلة التجويفين البطني والصدري
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26
Q

External intercostal muscles ?

A

From Tubercle of the rib to the costochondral junction
then replaced by anterior external membrane aponeurosis
down ward forward

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27
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

from the sternum to angle of rib
the replaced by posterior membran aponeurosis
from the floor of costal groove of one rib to the upper border of the next
downward backward

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28
Q

The innermost intercostals related
internally
externally

كذلك
subcostales

A

internally endothorcaic facia and parital plerua

externally to the intercostal vessels and nervce

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29
Q

subcostales muscles ?

A

muscles crossing 2 or 3 muscles below its attachment

directed downeard backward as internal and inner most

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30
Q

اللهم نعوذ بك من الهم والحزن والعجز والكسل والجبن والبخل وغلبة الدين وقهر الرجال
وشماتة الأعداء والمرض والحسد والسحر و الحياء وإلف النعمة

sternocostalis

A

sternum to 2-6 th costal carilage arise in internal thorax
upward and laterally
اسميها ؟ العضلة المجنحة

31
Q

typical intercostal nerves ?

A

T3-T6

32
Q

Forced Inspiration
 The scapulae are fixed by the ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
which enable the ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, to pull up the ribs

A

trapezius,
levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

serratus anterior and
pectoralis minor

33
Q

Quadratus lumborum fixes the 12th rib so

that ?

A

the diaphragm can exert a more
powerful downward push on the abdominal
viscera.

34
Q

Forced expiration:
 It is an active process during
which the muscles of?

A

anterior abdominal wall and
latissimus dorsi contract
INTENAL INTERCOSTALS

35
Q

Branches of the typical intercostal nerve ?

A 
Rami communicantes white grey
Musclar 
plerual sensory 
Lateral cutanuous branch
anteroir cutanuous branch
36
Q

T1 intercostal nerve divides into ?>

A

large branch > ascends across the neck of first rib to join brachial pleux
small branch > contiunes as the first intercostal nerve in 1st intercostal space ending as anterior intercostal nerve

37
Q

T12 nerve is atypical ?

A

Its lateral cutanuous branch known as intercostobrachial nerve which supply
the floor of axilla
upper part of medial side of arm

38
Q

anterior intercostal muscles ?

A

the upper 6 from the internal thoracic
the 789 from the musclophrenic
ends at the cosochondral junction by anastomsoing with the posterior intercosals and their collaterals

38
Q

branches of the post intercostal arteries

A 
Dorsal 
collateral
muscular
lateral cutanuous
mammary
right bronchial
39
Q

Internal thoracic origin ? .

A

first part of subclavian art 1

40
Q

Branches of internal thoracic artery ?

A 
ANterior intercostals first 6 
Musclophernic
superior epigastric
Pericaridphrenic
perforating
41
Q

posterior intercostal veins on the left side?

A

First in left brachicephalic
2,3 in the left superior intercostal vein into the left brachiocephalic
4th to 8th Accessory azygous T7
9-11 hemiazygous T8

42
Q

POSTRIO INTERCOSTAL VEIN

right side ?

A

first in right brachiceohalic
2 3 in the right superior intercostal into the azygous
4-11 into the azygous

43
Q

Major opeinig of diapharagm

A

VOICE OF ARAB
Vena cava openining T8
vena caca + right phrenic + lymph vessels

Oseophageal opening: T10
Osophgus
left gastric vessels branchess
gastric nerves

Aortic opeining>? 
T12
Aorta
Aztgous
Thoracic duct
44
Q

Hemiazygos vein: pierces the ……….. of diaphragm to

enter the thoracic cavity.

A

left crus

45
Q
  • Behind the lateral arcuate ligament
A

Subcostal vessels and nerve.

Quadratus lumborum muscle

46
Q

Behind the medial arcuate ligament:

A
  1. Sympathetic trunk

2. Psoas major muscle.

47
Q

Nerve supply of The diaphragm:

A
  • Motor supply:
    right and left phrenic nerves (C 3, 4, 5 mainly C4). These nerves pierce the
    diaphragm to supply it from its inferior surface.
  • Sensory supply:
    branches from phrenic and lower intercostal nerves.
48
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF DIAPHARAGM >?

A

Infreior phrenic

pericardiophernic

Muscolphrenic

posterio intercosta twigs

decnding thorcaci aorta twigs

48
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF DIAPHARAGM >?

A

Infreior phrenic

pericardiophernic

Muscolphrenic

posterio intercosta twigs

decnding thorcaci aorta twigs

49
Q

In forced inspiration:

A

• Scalenus anterior and medius elevate the first rib.
• Sternocleidomastoid acts directly through the manubrium
sterni and indirectly through the clavicle.
• The scapulae are fixed by the trapezius, levator scapulae and
rhomboid muscles which enable the serratus anterior and
pectoralis minor to pull up the ribs.
• Quadratus lumborum fixes the 12th rib so that the diaphragm
can exert a more powerful downward push on the abdominal
viscera.

50
Q

Pleural Recesses ?

A

spaces where two layers of parietal plerua are oppossing each other

Costodiaphargmatic
Costomediastinal

clincal imp is plerual effusion

51
Q

Nerve supply of the pleura ?

A

Parital sensitive to heat and pain are Phrenic, interrocstal nerves
aretrial > intercostal arterirs

visercal plerua “ senosry fibers not sensory to heat or pain but stretch
Autonimoc from Pulmonary pleux sympathatic and Vagus
Bronchial arteris from the desending thoracic aorta

52
Q

lung and pleua

Mid clavicular
mid axillary
midscapular

A

lung 6 8 10 ribs

pleura 8 10 12 ribs

53
Q

Crervical plerua

A

crossed anterioly by subclavian artery

posteriorly by the structure passing in front of the first rib

Stellate ganglion
Superior intercostal artery
Ventral ramus of first intercostal nerve

______________________________________
covered by supra pleral membrane or sibssons fascia

54
Q

sibson’s fascia attacments

A

Laterally inner aspect of first rib

medially the trensverse process of 7th cervical rib

55
Q

costal plerua separeted from muscle thoracic wall by ?

A

Endothoracic Fascia

56
Q

nerve supply of parital pleura?

A

Costal and peripheral diapharagmatic > Intercostal nerves

Mediastinal and Central diapharagmatic> phrenic nerve

57
Q

parital pleura aretrial supply ?

A

Intercostal
internal thoracic
Musclophrenic

58
Q

الحب الحب في الله والكره الكره في الله ! !
لعن الله حبا أضل كثيرا من الناس

Relations of medial surface of the right lung

A

infront of hilum :

Pericardial impression
SVC Contiunuous with groove of the right brachiocephalic vein
IVC

behind the hilum
Osephagus
azygous

above the hilum
arch of the azygous

above the crossing of the arch of azygous and SVC right vagus and trachea and Osephagus

area for asending aorta and remenant of thymus and right phrenic nerve
تجنب طريقة العليم @@ ما دخلت المشاعر علي كلام إلا و أفهمته أصحاب الجنون

59
Q

Relations of medial surface of the left lung

A

Infront of the hilum

Pericardial impressions for left ventricle and left auricle and Infindubulum of right ventricle.

beind the hiulm ?
osephagus
descending aorta contiuous with groove for arch of aorta

above the hilum

groove for the arch of aorta
with contiuation of 2 grooves above it

anterior for left common carotid
posterior for subclavian artery

above the groove of arch and behind the subclavian groove there is ?
Oseohpagus,thoracic duct , left reuccretn laryngeal nerve

infront of the aortic arch above the pericardial impression ?
Pulmnarry trunk and remenants of thymus

60
Q

▪ Bronchus:
➢Lies in the ,,,,,,,,part of the hilum.
➢It can be identified by the presence of cartilagenous rings in its wall.
➢The,,,,,,,,,,,,,, bronchus divides before entering into the lung into upper
branch (eparterial bronchus) and lower branch (hyparterial
bronchus).
➢The bronchus divides after entering into the lung, so only a single
bronchus is present in the hilum.

A

posterior

right

left

60
Q

▪ Bronchus:
➢Lies in the ,,,,,,,,part of the hilum.
➢It can be identified by the presence of cartilagenous rings in its wall.
➢The,,,,,,,,,,,,,, bronchus divides before entering into the lung into upper
branch (eparterial bronchus) and lower branch (hyparterial
bronchus).
➢The bronchus divides after entering into the lung, so only a single
bronchus is present in the hilum.

A

posterior

right

left

60
Q

▪ Bronchus:
➢Lies in the ,,,,,,,,part of the hilum.
➢It can be identified by the presence of cartilagenous rings in its wall.
➢The,,,,,,,,,,,,,, bronchus divides before entering into the lung into upper
branch (eparterial bronchus) and lower branch (hyparterial
bronchus).
➢The bronchus divides after entering into the lung, so only a single
bronchus is present in the hilum.

A

posterior

right

left

60
Q

▪ Bronchus:
➢Lies in the ,,,,,,,,part of the hilum.
➢It can be identified by the presence of cartilagenous rings in its wall.
➢The,,,,,,,,,,,,,, bronchus divides before entering into the lung into upper
branch (eparterial bronchus) and lower branch (hyparterial
bronchus).
➢The bronchus divides after entering into the lung, so only a single
bronchus is present in the hilum.

A

posterior

right

left

60
Q

▪ Bronchus:
➢Lies in the ,,,,,,,,part of the hilum.
➢It can be identified by the presence of cartilagenous rings in its wall.
➢The,,,,,,,,,,,,,, bronchus divides before entering into the lung into upper
branch (eparterial bronchus) and lower branch (hyparterial
bronchus).
➢The bronchus divides after entering into the lung, so only a single
bronchus is present in the hilum.

A

posterior

right

left

61
Q

▪ Bronchus:
➢Lies in the ,,,,,,,,part of the hilum.
➢It can be identified by the presence of cartilagenous rings in its wall.
➢The,,,,,,,,,,,,,, bronchus divides before entering into the lung into upper
branch (eparterial bronchus) and lower branch (hyparterial
bronchus).
➢The bronchus divides after entering into the lung, so only a single
bronchus is present in the hilum.

A

posterior

right

left

62
Q

The…………………………………… is the most inferior structure in the
hilum.

A

inferior pulmonary vein

63
Q

The ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,pulmonary vein is more anterior and at a lower
level than the bronchus and the pulmonary artery.

A

superior

64
Q

Bronchial arteries?

A

2 in the left from the descending aorta
1 in the rigth from
_________________________________________________
1- the posterior intercostal artery of the right 3rd intercostal space
or
2-the left superior bronchial artery
__________________________________________________

65
Q

Pulmnary autonmoic pleux ?

A

Anterior and posterior to the hilum

Symp (2nd-5th): sympathatic ganglia
Para from :         vagus
bronchial tree
lung substane
visceral plerua

أوكلما اشتهيت اشتريت؟؟؟؟

65
Q

Pulmnary autonmoic pleux ?

A

Anterior and posterior to the hilum

Symp (2nd-5th): sympathatic ganglia
Para from :         vagus
bronchial tree
lung substane
visceral plerua

أوكلما اشتهيت اشتريت؟؟؟؟

65
Q

Pulmnary autonmoic pleux ?

A

Anterior and posterior to the hilum

Symp (2nd-5th): sympathatic ganglia
Para from :         vagus
bronchial tree
lung substane
visceral plerua

أوكلما اشتهيت اشتريت؟؟؟؟

66
Q

Bronchi pulmonary segments?

A

Segmental bronchi
Segmental artery
Interaegmental veins

Anatomical functional and surgical unit of the lung

67
Q

Oblique fissure and also horizintal

A

Oblique fissure
3rd thoracic spine laterally downward to the 6th costochondral junction

The horizontal below 4th costal cartilage horizontal laterally to join the oblique fissure

resp anatomy (6 decks)

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