Lower Respiratory Flashcards
(33 cards)
Pulmonary embolism
Removal of pulmonary embolus from the pulmonary artery using a balloon tipped catheter with a cup device and syringe suction
Demonstrate post op turning, coughing , deep breathing, incentive spirometry and ROM
administer anticoagulants as prescribed
Administer thrombolytics as prescribed
Assess cardiac respiratory and neurological status
Administer o2
Monitor and record vitals, I&o labs, neurovascualr checks and pulse ox
Check site for bleeding
Maintain pressure dressing
Assess pain level, administer postop analgesics and evaluate effect
Thoracentesis
Procedure using needle aspiration of intrapleural fluid under local anesthesia
After procedure :
Assess pt respiratory status
Monitor vitals frequently
Position pt on affected side for 1 hour to seal puncture site
Check puncture site for fluid leakage
Auscultate lungs and assist with post-procedure chest X-ray to assess for pneumothorax
Monitor 02 levels
Chest X-ray
No invasive
Radiographic picture of lungs
Determine pt ability to inhale and hold breath
Ensure that the pt removes jewelry
Determine pregnancy status for female pt
Laryngoscopy
Procedure using Laryngoscope
Direct visualization of larynx
Withhold food and fluids for 6-8 hours before test
Explain to pt that he’ll receive a sedative to promote relaxation
Assess pt resp status
Withhold fluid and food until gag reflex returns
Assess for trauma to oropharynx
Assess for hemoptysis
How does lung cancer metastasize
Direct extension
Blood circulation
Lymph system
radiation therapy
Locally advanced disease Surgery is a high risk Inoperable tumors Refuse thoractomy May be curative or paliative
Salvage therapy
Pellets of radioactive material directly into the cancer
Venturi mask
Delivers 34% to 50% with flow rates of 4-10 L/min
Which symptom is significant in diagnosing asthma in a non smoker
Wheezing
Flu symptoms
Fever Myalgia H a Fatigue Weakness Chills
Watery nasal drip
Sore throat
Cough (pneumonia can develop)
Acute bronchitis
Inflammation bronchi Productive cough H a , malaise, SOB mAy be febrile Breath sounds may be course X Ray clear May superimpose COPD
Organisms related to pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Tb manifestations
Progressive fatigue Lethargy Nausea Anorexia Weight loss Irregular menses Low grade fever Night sweats Cough Mucopurulent sputum Blood streaks
Produces white, frothy sputum
Hemoptysis is not common and is usually associated with advanced disease
What should you assess for in tb
Productive cough
Night sweats
Afternoon temp elevation
Weight loss
Atelectasis symptoms
Symptoms are insidious and include cough, sputum and low grade temp
respiratory distress , anxiety and symptoms of hypoxia occur if large areas of lungs are effected
Atelectasis symptoms
Symptoms are insidious and include cough, sputum and low grade temp
respiratory distress , anxiety and symptoms of hypoxia occur if large areas of lungs are effected
What could be a major cause of emphysema
Lack of Alfa antitripsin : it breaks down pollutants
Three most important changes in someone with COPD
Cough
Sputum
Dyspnea
Diagnosis of COPD is considered with these symptoms
How is COPD diagnosed
Pulmonary function test: evaluates lung capacity, volumes, flow rates, diffusion capacity, gas exchange, airway resistance, distribution of ventilation
Chest x rays , spirometry, history and physical examination are also important in the diagnostic work up
Diagnosis is confirmed with these
Bullectomy
Used for emphysema
Large bullae are respected to improve lung function
Main goals of effective coughing for COPD
Conserves energy
Reduces fatigue
Facilitates removal for secretions
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic exposure to irritants especially cigarette smoke
Inflammation Vasodilation Congestion Mucosal edema Bronchospasm
Manifestations of bronchitis
Blue bloater Cyanosis Right-sided heart failure Smokers hack Expiratory wheezing Not acute respiratory distress
Emphysema
Loss of on the elasticity and hyperinflation of lung
Dyspnea; need for increased respiratory rate
Air trapping close by loss elastic recoil in alveolar walls, overstretching and enlargement of alveoli and bulle, collapse of small airways (bronchioles)
