Lower Respiratory 4a Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lower Respiratory 4a Deck (27)
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1
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Acute bronchitis
Pertussis
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (tb)

2
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi

3
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough

4
Q

Pneumonia

A

Acute infection of the lung

5
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious diseases caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

6
Q

Pneumonia causes

A

Bacteria, mycoplasma organisms, fungi, parasites, chemicals

7
Q

Ypes of pneumonia

A

Community acquired pneumonia
Medical care-associated pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Opportunistic pneumonia

8
Q

Community acquired pneumonia

A

Occurs in patient who has not been hospitalised within 14 days of onset symptoms

9
Q

Medical care associated pneumonia

A

Hospitised associated pneumonia, ventilator associated pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia

10
Q

Aspiration pneumonia symptoms are

A

Cap or mcap

Occurs when stomach or mouth contents enter trachea and lungs

11
Q

Opportunistic pneumonia disease

A

Occurs in individuals with risks

12
Q

Patho physiology of pneumonia occurs

A

Normal inflammatory response can have serious consequences for the lung tissue

Specifd pathological changes relate to the causative organism

Most organism trigger an inflammatory response in the lung, resulting in a vascular reaction and neutrophil activation. Aling with fluid from surrounding blood vessel this fills the alveoli and causes decreased gas exchange

13
Q

Assessment of severity for cap

A

Using tools like curb-65

14
Q

Curb 65

A
Confusion
U: BUN >30 mg/dl
R : respiratory rate>30?breaths per min
B  bp systolic bo <90 d bp <60
Higher than 64 yo
15
Q

Score curb 65

A

0- treat at hoke
1-2 consider hospital admission
3 or more hospital admission
4-5 considerations to icu

16
Q

Signs of pneumonia

A
Cough
Fever
Chills
Dyspnoea 
Tachypnoea
Cyanosis 
Headache
Purulent sputum
Confusion
Fatugue
Anorexia 
Abdominal pain
Chest pain
Hypothermia
17
Q

Complications of pneumonia

A
Pluerisy
Pleural effusion
Atelectasis
Lung abscess 
Empyema
Pericarditis
Meningitis 
Sepsis
Acute respiratory failure 
Pneumothorax
Empyema
Cardiovascular event
18
Q

Causes of pneumonia children

A

Virus
Pneumococcus
Myoplasma
Other

19
Q

Previously fit adults cause pneumonia

A
H influenza 
Viruses
Legionella
Mycoplasma 
Staphylococcus
Others
20
Q

Previous respiratory illness cause pneumonia

A

Pnuemkcocus
H influenza
Staphylococcus
Klebsiell

21
Q

Hospital acquired pneumonia

A
Gran- negative bacteria 
Staphylococcus 
Pneumococus
Anearovic bacteria 
Nb aspiration pneumonia
22
Q

Diagnosis of pneumonia

A
History and physical examination 
Chest x ray and imaging
Gram stain of sputum
Sputum c&amp;s
Blood tests
23
Q

Management of pneumonia

A
Early identification and referral to hospital 
antibiotic therapy 
Respiratory support
Increase fluid intake 
Antipyretic 
Rest
Analgesic
Education
24
Q

Pneumonia prevention

A

Pneumovas vaccinatiob
Educate abkut good health hanits
Identify petients at risk

25
Q

Pneumovas vaccination

A

Age less than 65
2-65 with chronic conditions
19-65 asthma or smike
Long term facilities

26
Q

Identify patients at risk

A
Abdominal surgery
Mechanical ventilation 
More than 65
Smoker
Chronic disease
Iv drug use
Invasive lines
27
Q

Inflammation response to pneumonia

A

1.) attraction of neutrophil
2 inflammation mediators
3 accumulation of fibrous exudates rbs

A alveolar filled with debris
Increased production of mucous

Decrease gas exhange
Resolution of infection

Macrophage un alveoli ingest and remove devris
Normal tissue restored
Gas exchange return to normal

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