Lower Respiratory

Question 1

Main difference between bronchitis and pneumonia?

Answer 1

no chest infiltrates or consolidation on chest xray with bronchitis

Question 2

characteristic s/s of bronchitis?

Answer 2

clear, mucoid sputum; persistent cough

Question 3

characteristic s//s of pertussis?

Answer 3

whooping cough for 6-10 weeks

Question 4

Community-acquired pneumonia

Answer 4

onset in community or first 2 days of hospitalization

Question 5

Hospital-acquired pnemonia:

Answer 5

occurs 48 hours or longer after hospital admission and not incubating at the time of hospitalization

Question 6

ventilator-acquired pneumonia

Answer 6

48 hours after intubation

Question 7

complications of pneumonia: (4)

Answer 7

pleurisy, pleural effusion, atelectasis, bacteremia

Question 8

pneumonia: how much activity? how many liters of fluids a day?

Answer 8

limited activity; 2-3

Question 9

therapeutic positioning for bilateral pneumonia:

Answer 9

“right lung down”

Question 10

therapeutic positioning for unilateral pneumonia:

Answer 10

“good lung down”

Question 11

pneumo vaccine q ___years

Answer 11

5

Question 12

influenza vaccine q ____years

Answer 12

1

Question 13

Tube and NG feedings: HOB @?

Residuals should be less than _____.

Answer 13

30-45 DEGREES

100. IF MORE, STOP FEEDING!!

Question 14

Bronchoscopy: post-op

Answer 14

NPO until gag reflex returns

Question 15

Mantoux:

Answer 15

no redness (induration) at site 48-72 hours after=negative; positive reaction occurs 2-12 weeks after exposure

Question 16

late symptoms of lung cancer:

Answer 16

weight loss, fatiguw, N/V

Question 17

absent breath sounds over affected area-sigh of what?

Answer 17

pneumothorax

Question 18

which pneumothorax is a medical emergency?

Answer 18

tension

Question 19

stable tension pneumothorax is treated how?

Answer 19

resolves on its own

Question 20

unstable tension pneumothorax is treated how?

Answer 20

chest tube

Question 21

flail chest results from?

Answer 21

multiple rib fractures

Question 22

flail chest may require:

Answer 22

short-term intubation (until extent of injury can be determined)q

Question 23

flail chest: what type of IV hydration solutions?

Answer 23

crystalloids

Question 24

Placement of chest tube for air removal:

Answer 24

anteriorly through 2nd intercostal space

Question 25

placement of chest tube for fluid/blood removal:

Answer 25

posteriorly through the eighth or ninth intercostal space

Question 26

water seal chamber contains ____ cm of water

Answer 26

2

Question 27

purpose of water seal chamber?

Answer 27

prevents backflow of air into the patient from the system

Question 28

suction control chamber: -_____cm

Answer 28

20

Question 29

when pts has chest tubes and pleural drainage systems, keep______ at the bedside

Answer 29

occlusive dressing

Question 30

lobectomy

Answer 30

removal of one lobe of the lung

Question 31

pneumonectomy

Answer 31

removal of entire lung

Question 32

segmental resection:

Answer 32

removal of one or more lung segments

Question 33

wedge resection:

Answer 33

removal of small, localized lesion that occupies only part of a segment

Question 34

plerual effusion:

Answer 34

collection of fluid in pleural space

Question 35

transudate (with pleural effusion)

Answer 35

protein-poor, cell-poor fluid, seen with noninflammatory conditions

Question 36

transudate is what color?

Answer 36

pale yellow

Question 37

2 causes of transudate pleural effusions: increased ______ _______ in heart failure, decreased oncotic pressure (__________-which occurs in chronic liver or renal disease)

Answer 37

hydrostatic pressure, hypoalbuminemia

Question 38

exudative (with pleaural effusions)

Answer 38

inflammatory reaction; accumulation of fluids and cells, high protein content; dark yellow or amber in color

Question 39

with pleural effusions, chest x ray will indicate fliud greater than _____ml

Answer 39

250

Question 40

how much fluid can be pulled off in thoracentesis?

Answer 40

1000-1200

Question 41

what is necessary post thoracentesis?

Answer 41

chest x ray to check for pneumothorax

Question 42

pleurisy

Answer 42

inflammation of the pleura

Question 43

pulm. edema

Answer 43

abnormal accumulation of fluid in alveoli and interstitial spaces of lungs

Question 44

common cause of pulm. edema:

Answer 44

left-sided heart failure

Question 45

diagnostic studies for PE:

Answer 45

VP lung scan, D-DIMER , venous ultrasound if D-dimer is elevated

Question 46

normal d-dimer levels,

Answer 46

less than 250 ml

Question 47

PEEP is set at _____cm H20 for ARDS

Answer 47

10-20