Lower Respiratory Disorders: PE, Trauma, Cancer

Question 1

pulmonary emboli
definition

Answer 1

obstruction of pulmonary artery
clot, air, fat, amniotic flood, septic thrombus

Question 2

pulmonary emboli
obstructed area has diminished or absent _________

Answer 2

blood flow

ventilation but no gas exchange

Question 3

pulmonary emboli
effect on heart

Answer 3

right ventricular work load

Question 4

right ventricular failure

Answer 4

works heard to try and push blood into pulmonary artery

Question 5

pulmonary emboli
risk factors

Answer 5

venous statsis
hypercoaguability (cancer, smoker, birth control)
venous endothelial disease (trauma/ortho surgery)
heart disease
trauma
postop/preop
diabetes mellitus
COPD
constrictive clothing

Question 6

pulmonary emboli
triad for assessment

Answer 6

virchows triad

Question 7

virchows triad

Answer 7

hypercoagauability
vessel statsis
vessel trauma

Question 8

pulmonary emboli
prevention

Answer 8

early ambulation
SCDs
Subq heparin

Question 9

pulmonary emboli
treatment

Answer 9

anticoagulant (Heparin IV, going to prevent additional clots)
thrombolytic (dissolves clot, extreme risk for bleeding)

Question 10

pulmonary emboli
therapy after discharge

Answer 10

3-6 months maintenance after event
if unable to identify clot= long term anticoagulation

Question 11

pulmonary emboli
assessment manifestations

Answer 11

dyspnea
chest pain (sudden onset)
anxiety
tachycardia
apprehension
syncope
diaphoresis
hemoptysis
cardiovascular collapse
shock
sudden death

Question 12

pulmonary emboli
diagnostics

Answer 12

ECG (right ventricular strain)
ABG (hypoxemia)

Question 13

pulmonary emboli
treatment

Answer 13

VOMIT
- vitals
- oxygen
- monitor
- IV
- Tweleve lead ECG

Question 14

umbrella filter

Answer 14

collects clots before getting to heart

Question 15

chest trauma

Answer 15

blunt trauma
sternal rib fracture
frail chest
pulmonary contusion
penetrating trauma
pneumothorax

Question 16

pneumothorax types

Answer 16

spontaneous
simple
traumatic
tension

Question 17

penumothorax simple

Answer 17

air enters pleural space

Question 18

pneumothorax spontaneous

Answer 18

health individual
rupture of bleb allowing air to enter pleural cavity

Question 19

pneumothorax traumatic

Answer 19

occurs when air escapes from laceration in the lung itself and enters pleural space
OR
wound in the chest wall

Question 20

pneumothorax traumatic
manifestions

Answer 20

difficulty breathing
uneven chest excursion
diminished/absent sounds (BILATERAL IS KEY)
increase RR
decrease pulse ox=severe hypoxemia
air hunger
anxiety
tracheal deviation

Question 21

pneumothorax simple
manifestons

Answer 21

minimal respiratory distress
slight discomfort
elevated RR

Question 22

pneumothorax open vs tension

Answer 22

open: air is able to come in and out of that pleural space
tension: every breath taken more air is entering pleural cavity and is unable ti escape

Question 23

pneumothorax tension
manifestations

Answer 23

weak and rapid pulse
pallor
JVD
anxiety
sudden sharp pain
asymmetrical chest wall
shortness of breath
cyanosis
decreasesd breath sounds over collapsed lung
tracheal deviation

Question 24

pneumothorax
treatment

Answer 24

chest drainage
- remove blood/air/fluid

Question 25

chest tube
3 bottle system

Answer 25

collect drainage
water seal (continuous air bubbling check bilateral breath sounds)
suction control

Question 26

pneumothorax
patient education

Answer 26

incentive spirometer
pain management
coughing and deep breathing
ambulation/acitivity

Question 27

lung cancer

Answer 27

leading killer among men and woemn

Question 28

lung cancer risk

Answer 28

inhaled carcinogens
genetics