Lower respiratory tract

Question 1

Larynx lies at which vertebra levels?

Answer 1

4th 5th 6th cervical vertebra

Question 2

Thyroid cartialage

Answer 2

-Largest cartialage of larynx
-apart of lateral and anterior wall of larynx, not apart of posterior wall
-consists of 2 laminae that form a V shape

Question 3

Thyrohyoid membrane:

Answer 3

-Attached to upperborder of thyroid cartialage
-Has piercings which allows; Superior laryngeal VESSLES and internal laryngeal nerve to pass

Question 3

Cricoid cartialage:

Answer 3

-Forms the base of the Larynx
-lateral facets articulate with inferior cornu of thyroid cartialage
-Posterior upper border facets articulate with arytenoid cartialage

-

Question 4

Ligaments of cricoid Cartialage:

Answer 4

Cricothyroid ligament: is the vocal ligament, forms the interior of the True vocal cord.

Cricotracheal ligament: joins cricoid to first tracheal ring

Question 5

Epiglottis cartialage:

Answer 5

-sides of epiglottis are connected to arytenoid cartialages by aryepiglottic fold
-aryepiglottic fold is connected to corniculate cartialage
-Forms the false vocal cords

Question 6

Arytenoid cartialages

apex and base articulation and 2 processes

Answer 6

-apex articulates with corniculate cartialage
-base articulates with cricoid cartialage
-2 processes, muscular process and vocal process.

Question 7

Cornicualte cartialage:

Answer 7

give attachment to aryepiglottic fold

Question 8

Cuniform cartialage:

Answer 8

found in aryepiglottic folds

Question 9

Laryngeal inlet boundaries

Answer 9

Anteriorly:epiglottis
Laterally:Aryepiglottis fold
Posteriorly:Arytenoid and corniuclate cartialages

Question 10

Cavity of larynx:

Answer 10

1)Vestibule: Situated between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds
2)middle region: between vestibular folds and vocal folds
3)lower region:vocal folds above it, lower border of cricoid cartialage below it.

Laryngeal ventricle: btw vestibular and vocal folds.

Question 11

Vestibular fold:

false vocal cords

Answer 11

fixed fold
vascular pink

Question 12

Vocal fold:

true vocal cords

Answer 12

Mobile, voice production
avascular white

Question 13

Extrinsic Larynx muscles:

action and attachment

Answer 13

move larynx up and down during swallowing

attached to hyoid bone, which is connected to thyroid cartialage by thyrohyoid membrane.

Question 14

Elevators of larynx:

7

Answer 14

-digastric
-stylo mylo genio– hyoid
-Stylo ,salpino pharyngeus

Question 15

Depressors of larynx:

3

Answer 15

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

Question 16

Mucous membrane of Vocal cords is covered by what?

Answer 16

stratified squamous epithelium, can withstand repetitive trauma

Question 16

Mucous membrane of larynx is covered with what kind?

Answer 16

ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 17

Sensory nerves of larynx:

Answer 17

Above vocal cords:internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve of vagus

Below vocal cords: reccurent laryngeal nerve

Question 18

Motor nerves of larynx:

Answer 18

Recurrent laryngeal nerve branch supplies all the intrinsic muscles.

Except cricothyroid muscle: supplied by external laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal branch of vagus.

Question 19

upper half blood supply of larynx:

Answer 19

Superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery.

Question 20

lower half laryngeal blood supply:

Answer 20

Inferior laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery

Question 21

Lymph drainage of larynx:

Answer 21

deep cervical group nodes

Question 22

Trachea starts and ends at:

Posterior free end connected by….

Answer 22

Starts at 6th cervical vertebra

Ends between 4th and 5th thoracic vertebra

posterior free end connected by smooth trachealis muscle

Question 23

Anterior relations of trachea and neck:

Answer 23

Sternothyroid and sternohyoid overlap the... -Inferior thyroid vein -jugular arch left brachiocephallic vein

Question 24

Posterior relations of trachea and neck:

Answer 24

right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves and esophagus.

Question 25

Lateral relations of neck and trachea:

Answer 25

lobes of thyroid glands and carotid sheath.

Question 26

Anterior relations of trachea and superior mediastinum of thorax:

Answer 26

-Sternum, thymus -left BC vein and common carotid artery -arch of aorta

Question 27

Posterior relations of trachea and superior mediastinum of thorax:

Answer 27

esophagus and left recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 28

Right side of trach---sup mediastinum: | vein, nerve, pleura

Answer 28

azygous vein, right vagus nerve, right pleura

Question 29

Left side of Trach---superior mediastium | 2 arteries 2 nerves and one pleura

Answer 29

Arch of aorta LEFT: -common carotid and subclavian arteries -vagus and phrenic nerves -pleura

Question 30

sensory and sympathetic nerve supply of trachea:

Answer 30

Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves ## Footnote sympathetic nerves supply trachealis

Question 31

Blood supply of upper and lower thirds of trachea:

Answer 31

upper two thirds: inferior thyroid arteries lower third: bronchial arteries

Question 32

Lymph drainage of trachea:

Answer 32

Pretracheal and paratracheal lymph nodes into deep cervical nodes (indirectly... remember from lecture 1?)

Question 33

Right bronchus:

Answer 33

wider shorter and more vertical than left -Before entering hilum, it divides into middle and inferior secondary bronchi

Question 33

Left bronchus:

Answer 33

-**narrower longer and more horizontal** than right -divides into** superior** and i**nferior** only, at the **hilum of lung**