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LP 3 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Bactericidal
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2
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?

A
  • N/V, anorexia, rash
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Ototoxicity (earliest sxn is tinnitus)
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3
Q

What are some cautions in using Aminoglycosides?

A
  • Neonates and elderly
  • Pregnancy category D
  • BBW: reduce doses in renal impairment
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4
Q

What are some nursing implications for using aminoglycosides?

A
  • Narrow therapeutic range
    Peak and Trough levels
  • Monitor renal function
  • Monitor hearing
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5
Q

What is use for Carbapenems?

A
  • use for those resistance to other antibiotics
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6
Q

How does Carbapenems work?

A
  • Broad spectrum
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7
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Carbapenems?

A
  • GI issues
  • CNS toxicity
  • anaphylaxis
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8
Q

What are some cautions with Carbapenems?

A
  • Hx of seizures
  • Reduce in impaired renal function
  • cross sensitivity with PCN
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9
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • Broad spectrum
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10
Q

What are Carbapenems similar to?

A
  • Penicillin
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11
Q

What are some side effects of taking Cephalosporins?

A
  • N/ V/ D, abdominal pain, superinfection, anaphylaxis
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12
Q

What are some nursing considerations with using Cephalosporins?

A
  • Most IVs can cause phlebitis
  • watch when it is supposed to be given, it is very specific timing
  • monitor pts on anticoagulants, they can affect bleeding time
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13
Q

What are some things to teach the pt using Cephalosporins?

A
  • take with food

- do not take with antacids because they coat the stomach and disrupt absorbtion

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14
Q

How do Cephalosporins work?

A
  • Broad spectrum- which can have an increased risk for superinfection
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15
Q

How do Fluoroquinolones work?

A
  • broad spectrum

- bactericidal

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16
Q

What are the adverse side effects of using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • N/ V/ D, headaches, dizziness, photosensitivity, CRYSTALURIA
  • Black Box Warning: can cause tendinitis/ tendon rupture****
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17
Q

What are the contraindications of using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • children, pregnant or lactating women
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18
Q

What re some cautions of using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • monitor pts with renal impairment: may need to reduce dosage
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19
Q

What are some nursing considerations for using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • many foods, medications, and herbs interact

- IV has to be given over 60 mins

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20
Q

What are some pt teaching for those using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • watch the supplement and medication interactions
  • watch for secondary infections because it is a broad spectrum antibiotic
  • be sure to stay hydrated
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21
Q

How do Penicillins work?

A
  • watch for lots of resistance
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22
Q

What are some adverse affects of Penicillins?

A
  • N/ V/ D, rashes, anaphylaxis
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23
Q

What are some cautions with Penicillins?

A
  • impaired renal functions
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24
Q

What are some nursing considerations for those using Penicillins?

A
  • the IV is only stable for 1 hour once it is mixed
  • watch for phlebitis
  • monitor kidney function
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25
What are some things to teach pts using Penicillins?
- some do not take with orange juice - most should not be taken with food - make sure you have accurate dosage with children - watch with superinfections because they broad spectrum
26
How do Sulfonamides work?
- bacteriostatic | - watch for resistance
27
What are some adverse side effects of sulfonamides?
- N/ V/ D, crystalluria, photosensitivity, stomatitis, rashes
28
What are some contraindications with sulfonamides?
- pregnancy - under 2 months - renal and liver impairment
29
What are some nursing implications with sulfonamides?
- watch drug and herbal interactions- watch the side effects | - topically apply to dressing and not directly to skin
30
What are some things to teach pts taking sulfonamides?
- keep hydrated - stay out of the sun - take on an empty stomach - broad spectrum
31
How do tetracyclines work?
- broad spectrum | - bacteriostatic
32
What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines?
- N/ V/ D, photosensitivity, increased ICP, superinfections, DAMAGE TO BONES AN TEETH
33
What are some contraindications of those using tetracyclines?
- younger than 8 years old - pregnant and lactating - renal impairment
34
What are some nursing implications for those using tetracyclines?
- watch food and drug interactions
35
What are some things to teach pts using tetracyclines?
- take on an empty stomach - calcium reduces absorption - sunscreen
36
How do macrolides work?
- bacteriostatic or bactericidal
37
What are the adverse effects of macrolides?
- N/ V/ D, rashes, p. colitis, hepatotoxicity, CNS alterations (alter emotions and emotional state)
38
What are some cautions with using macrolides?
- watch with lactation | - watch with liver impairment
39
What are some nursing implications with macrolides?
- many drug and herb interactions - monitor hearing and though processes - monitor IV site - watch for liver impairment
40
What are some things to teach pts about using macrolides?
- many interactions with drugs, food and supplements
41
How does Metronidazole (Flagyl) work?
- Bactericidal
41
What are some adverse effects of Metronidazole (Flagyl)?
- confusion, N/ V/ D, metallic taste, rash, seizures, peripheral neuropathy
41
What are some nursing implications for Metronidazole (Flagyl)?
- monitor IV sites, five over 60 mins, do not refrigerate IV formulations, if treating C diff use PO
41
What are some things to teach pts taking Metronidazole (Flagyl)?
- do not take with Alcohol (will cause withdrawal like symptoms), take with food
41
How does Vancomycin work?
- bactericidal
42
What are some adverse effects of Vancomycin?
- N, nephrotoxicity, ototoxcity
43
What are some nursing implications of using Vancomycin?
- monitor peak and trough levels - reduce dosage in those with renal impairment - run IV slowly to avoid "red man syndrome" (histamine response, redness, rash, increased body temp) - monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
44
What is something to watch with Monobactams?
- watch for drug resistance
45
What are some adverse effects of Monobactams?
- N/ V/D, rash, superinfection, allergy
46
What are some nursing implications for those taking Monobactams?
- monitor renal and liver function | - may need to reduce dose with renal and liver impairment
47
What are the most common TB primary meds and what kind of TB are they for?
- isoniazid and rifamipin | - actIve TB requires the use of 2 or more drugs to reduce development of resistance
48
What are second line TB meds used for?
- pts who are unable to tolerate first line drugs | - infected with first line resistance
49
What are some nursing interventions to those taking TB Medications?
- monthly blood needs to be monitored | - pts must stick to regimen
50
What are some things to teach pts taking TB meds?
- do not consume with alcohol - take vitamin B6 with Isoniazid - Rifampin causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces, sputum, and saliva - women should switch to another form of birth control, the pill will be ineffective
51
What is the response to the TB drugs?
- see improvement in 2-3 weeks - decrease in fever and cough - weight gain - no longer contagious once on medication - TB is cured after sputum cultures become negative
52
How is rimantadine (anti-viral influenza) used?
- prophylaxis and treatment of influenza - decreases flu like symptoms - resistance is an issue
53
What are some adverse effects of those using rimantadine (influenza)?
- N/ V, dizziness, hypotension
54
What is a big nursing consideration for rimantadine (influenza)?
- you have to give this within 48 hours of symptoms
55
What are some things to teach pts taking rimantadine (influenza)?
- take with food
56
How does acyclovir (Zovirax) work? (Herpes)
- interrupts viral replication, decreases viral shedding, decrease duration of lesions and pain
57
What are some adverse reactions for those taking acyclovir (Zovirax)? (Herpes)
- malaise, N/V/D
58
What are some nursing implications for acyclovir (Zovirax)? (Herpes)
- IV infuse slowly, monitor IV site - topical wear gloves - watch those with renal and heart failure - watch in pregnancy and lactation
59
What are some things to teach pts on Antiretroviral drugs?
- strict adherence is needed for viral suppression - many drugs, herb & supplement interactions - regular blood work
60
What are some adverse effects for pts taking Polyenes (parentral)?
- N/V/, GI bleeding, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, severe chills, malaise, generalized pain, blood abnormalities
61
What are some nursing considerations for those taking Polyenes (parentral)?
- monitor kidney function - monitor blood counts - pre- medicate with acetaminophen or antihistamines - monitor vitals - slow IV over 2-6 hours - light sensitive
62
What are oral Polyenes used for?
- skin, oral, intestinal, and vaginal yeast infections
63
What are the adverse side effects for oral/ topical Polyenes?
- orally: N/V/D | - vaginally: local irritation, burning
64
What are Azoles used for?
- systemic fungal infections
65
What are the adverse side effects of using Azoles?
- N/V/D, abdominal pain, rash, hepatotoxcity
66
What are some nursing implications for those taking Azoles?
- many drug interactions - monitor live and renal function - IV administer over 1 hour
67
What are some things to teach pts taking Azoles?
- take with food to decrease GI upset | - report yellowing of the eyes, skin and abdominal pain

Nursing Pharmacology (6 decks)

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