Lp 73

Question 1

Scrotum?
Testes?
Ducts?
Accessory glands?
Penis?

Answer 1

Scrotum: protects testes
Testes: produce sperm & hormones (1* reproductive organ)
Ducts: passageways for sperm
accessory glands: substances nourish & protect sperm
Penis: ejects sperm

Question 2

2 mm maintain appropriate temperature

Answer 2

Dartos: increase surface area (puckering of skin to minimize heat loss)

Cremaster: elevation of scrotum closer to the body (keeps it warm)

Question 3

Tubules have 2 types of cells?

Answer 3

Interstitial cells (leydig cells): produce testosterone

Spermatogenetic cells: produce gamete, divide by mitosis producing 2 daughter cells, 1 of the cells undergoes meiosis producing 4 similar haploid sperm cells

Question 4

Duct systems

Answer 4

Series of tubes for sperm from testes

Question 5

-narrow & coiled
-behind testes
-carries mature sperm from scrotum
-4cm long

Answer 5

Epidydmis

Question 6

-anterior to pubic bone along posterior wall of bladder
- carries sperm from epidydymis
-45 cm long

Answer 6

Vas (ductus) deferens

Question 7

Links vas deferens & seminal vesicles to urethra

Answer 7

Ejaculatory duct

Question 8

-narrow passageways through penis
-carries semen & urine
-prostatic urethra: surrounded by prostate
-membranous urethra: in urogentail diaphragm (external urethral sphincter)
-spongy (penile) urethra: runs through penis to external urethral orifice

Answer 8

Urethra

Question 9

-incision in scrotum & cut & ligation o each vas deferens
-sperm are produced but cannot exit scrotum
-sperm deteriorate & are phagocytosed

Answer 9

Vasectomy

Question 10

Thick fluid mixture of sperm & secretions of accessory glands

Answer 10

Semen

Question 11

-70% of semen volume
-sugar & enzymes, viscous & keeps sperm moving
-duct of each joins the duct of each vas deferens, forming ejaculatory duct

Answer 11

Seminal vesicles (glands)

Question 12

-small
-CT capsule
-glands & smooth mm
-surround urethra & parts of ejaculatory duct
-secretion is milky & slightly acidic

Answer 12

Prostate gland

Question 13

-inferior to prostate
-clear, thick mucus
-lubricates head of penis & neutralizes urine in the urethra

Answer 13

Cowper’s (bulbourethral) glands

Question 14

Penis includes

Answer 14

-root
-shaft
-glans penis

Question 15

Has 3 masses of spongy tissue

Answer 15

-corpus spongiosum
-corpora cavernosa (2)

Question 16

-supported by CT
-most of penis
-2 parallel cylindrical masses known as erectile bodies

Answer 16

Corpora cavernosa

Question 17

-single tubular mass, urethra passes through
-forms glans at the end
-glans is covered by foreskin known as prepuce (removal= circumcision)

Answer 17

Corpus spongiosum

Question 18

Gamete formation?
Body cells divided?

Answer 18

Gamete formation: mitosis &. Meiosis

Body cells divided: somatic & sex cells

Question 19

Somatic cells are?

Answer 19

-diploid
-2 complete sets of chromosomes

Question 20

Gametes (sex cells) are?

Answer 20

-haploid
-1 set of chromosomes
-caries genetic material necessary for human development

Question 21

Sex chromosomes found in sperm & ovum?

Answer 21

Sperm: Y or X
Ovum: X only

Question 22

Sperm production=

Answer 22

Permatogenesis

Question 23

After sperm production, 2 processes ensure semen emission?

Answer 23

-erection
-ejaculation

Question 24

Erectin involves 3 systems

Answer 24

-nervous: sensory stimulation (parasympathetic control)
-endocrine: testosterone promotes male sexual behaviour
-circulatory: dilation of penile arterioles & build up of P

Question 25

Parasympathetic signals?

Answer 25

-parasympathetic control of arterioles= atypical -vasomotor Fxn usually under sympathetic control

Question 26

Role of corpus spongiosum

Answer 26

Keep urethra open during ejaculation

Question 27

Sex hormone roles

Answer 27

-development & maturation of reproductive organs -sexual behaviour & drives -growth/development of 2* sex trait

Question 28

LH (leutinizing hormone or gonadotropin)

Answer 28

-stimulates testosterone production in testes -secreted by anterior pituitary gland -aka ICSH- interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Question 29

Testosterone somatic effect?

Answer 29

Masculinization of male during puberty

Question 30

Relatively rare -most common 15-35 Idiopathic ethology Risk factors: undescended testes, HIV infection, genetics Sx: mass, feeling heaviness in scrotum, pn in abdomen & groin, enlargement of testes

Answer 30

Testicular cancer

Question 31

-acute or chronic inflammation Often associated w/UTIs -bacteria, sometimes idiopathic -acute stage: high fever, chills, urethral discharge, myalgia (mm pn), arthralgia (jt pn) Chronic stage:often asymptomatic

Answer 31

Prostatitis

Question 32

-common,non-malignant Enlargement of prostate -idiopathic -sx: frequency of urination,

Answer 32

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 33

Common male Malignancy -metastasizes to lymph nodes & bones -sx: blood in ejaculate, low back pn, weight loss

Answer 33

Prostatic cancer