lqc 9a exam qs

Question 1

Explain how infection with HIV results in the T helper cells being destroyed.

Answer 1

HIV dna copy becomes incorporated into the dna of the T helper cell, many HIV particles are made as virus replicates, T helper cell is destroyed when the HIV leave the cell

Question 2

Describe how the enzymes within HIV are involved in HIV infection.

Answer 2

reverse transcriptase, formation of viral dna from viral rna, integration of viral dna into host dna, T helper cells would be destroyed by virus particles leaving cell, more T helper cells would become infected

Question 3

Explain why data about HIV infections are often estimates.

Answer 3

HIV doesn’t always produce symptoms, provirus, test needed to detect symptomless HIV, only people who suspect they may have contacted HIV would have a test, some people don’t want to be tested, symptoms are common to other diseases, new cases arising, new strains arising

Question 4

The antibody 2G12 is produced in response to part of a glycoprotein found on the surface of HIV. Synthetic molecules have been made that resemble this part of the glycoprotein. The antibody 2G12 binds to these synthetic molecules.
Using the information, explain how this may enable scientists to develop a means of producing active immunity to HIV infection

Answer 4

artificial active immunity, vaccine containing synthetic molecule, stimulation of the specific immune response, clonal expansions of B cells, production of B memory cells, 2G12 antibodies are produced faster on reinfection