LRTI Flashcards
self limited inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree without pneumonia
acute bronchitis
clinical presentation of acute bronchitis
cough
sputum production
dyspnea
headache
fever
what is the most common cause of acute bronchitis
virus
which bacteria cause acute bronchitis
mycoplasma pneumoniae
chlamydia pneumoniae
bordatella pertussis
treatments of bronchitis
antipyretics
bronchodilators (not effective)
antitussives
expectorants
fluids
main ways microorganisms gain access to the lower respiratory tract via three primary routes, what are they
inhalation
hematogenous
aspiration
pneumonia risk factors
viral infections
hospitalization
mechanical ventilation
smoking
alcoholism
elderly
immunosuppression
when does HAP and VAP happen
pneumonia that occurs 48h after admission/intubation
aspiration pneumonia risk factors
drugs
altered mental status
impaired host defenses
neuromuscular disease
dysphagia (history of stroke)
mechanical ventilation, bronchoscopy, nasogastric feeding
pneumonia diagnostic labs
WBC
pulse oximetry
sputum culture
blood culture
urine antigen testing
rapid influenza molecular assay
common pathogens of CAP
strep pneumo
h influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis
chlamydia
mycoplasma pneumoniae
severe CAP ICU - legionella
HAP/VAP common pathogens
ESKAPE
E. Coli
S. aureus
K. pneumoniae
Acinetobacter spp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter
minor criteria of severe CAP pneumonia
RR > 30 breaths per minute
Pa O2/Fio2 ratio <250
multilobar infiltraters
confusion/disorientation
uremia (BUN >/=20)
leukopenia (WBC <4x10^3)
thrombocytopenia (PLT <100,000)
hypothermia
hypotension requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation
major criteria pneumonia
septic shock with need for vasopressors
respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation
CURB - 65
confusion - disorientation
BUN >20
respiratory rate >/= breaths per minute
low blood pressure - <90/60
age >/= 65
