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1
Q

What is the main function of the heart?

A

To pump blood throughout the body.

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2
Q

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

A

The left atrium.

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3
Q

True or False: The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.

A

True.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.

A

aortic

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5
Q

What are the two main circuits of the circulatory system?

A

The systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit.

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6
Q

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?

A

The vena cava.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? A) Right atrium B) Left ventricle C) Right ventricle D) Left atrium

A

B) Left ventricle.

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8
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary arteries?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

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9
Q

True or False: Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

A

True.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ are the small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.

A

capillaries

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the heart valves?

A

To ensure one-way flow of blood through the heart.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A) Pulmonary artery B) Pulmonary vein C) Aorta D) Coronary artery

A

B) Pulmonary vein.

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13
Q

What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart cycle?

A

Systole.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outer layer of the heart.

A

epicardium

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15
Q

True or False: The left atrium pumps blood to the body.

A

False.

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16
Q

What structure separates the left and right sides of the heart?

A

The septum.

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17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system? A) Heart B) Lungs C) Blood D) Arteries

A

B) Lungs.

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18
Q

What is the main component of blood responsible for transporting oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ circuit carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

A

systemic

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20
Q

What type of blood vessel returns blood to the heart?

A

Veins.

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21
Q

True or False: The aorta is the largest artery in the body.

A

True.

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22
Q

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

A

To supply blood to the heart muscle.

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23
Q

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

A

The left ventricle.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood enters the right atrium through the _____ and _____.

A

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

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25
What is the normal resting heart rate for adults?
60 to 100 beats per minute.
26
What is the function of the aorta?
The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
27
True or False: The right atrium receives oxygenated blood.
False
28
Fill in the blank: The _______ pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
right ventricle
29
What is the role of the left atrium?
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
30
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls?
left ventricle
31
Multiple Choice: Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the heart? A) Aorta B) Pulmonary veins C) Superior vena cava D) Coronary arteries
C) Superior vena cava
32
What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
mitral valve
33
True or False: The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood.
False
34
What structure prevents backflow of blood in the heart?
valves
35
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart.
septum
36
Which part of the heart is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?
sinoatrial node (SA node)
37
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a heart valve? A) Aortic valve B) Tricuspid valve C) Coronary valve D) Pulmonary valve
C) Coronary valve
38
What is the primary function of the heart?
To pump blood throughout the body.
39
True or False: The heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
True
40
What is the average resting heart rate for adults?
60 to 100 beats per minute
41
Fill in the blank: The _______ supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.
coronary arteries
42
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circulation?
right atrium
43
What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
44
Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart has the lowest oxygen content? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Left ventricle D) Right ventricle
B) Right atrium
45
What is the term for the heart's resting phase?
diastole
46
True or False: The heart has four chambers.
True
47
Fill in the blank: The _______ returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
pulmonary veins
48
What is the outer layer of the heart called?
epicardium
49
What is the function of the pericardium?
To protect and lubricate the heart.
50
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is part of the heart's conduction system? A) Aorta B) Pulmonary artery C) AV node D) Left ventricle
C) AV node
51
What is the role of the right ventricle?
To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
52
What is the primary function of alveoli in the respiratory system?
The primary function of alveoli is to facilitate gaseous exchange between the air and the blood.
53
True or False: Alveoli are the sites where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream.
True
54
Fill in the blank: The process of gas exchange in the alveoli occurs through __________.
diffusion
55
Which gas is primarily expelled from the blood into the alveoli during gaseous exchange?
Carbon dioxide
56
What is the role of surfactant in the alveoli?
Surfactant reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse and aiding in gas exchange.
57
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate breathing and gas exchange, providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide.
58
True or False: The trachea is also known as the windpipe.
True
59
Fill in the blank: The _____ are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
alveoli
60
What structure is located at the back of the throat and connects the mouth and nasal passages to the esophagus?
pharynx
61
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for producing sound?
larynx
62
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract? A) Nose B) Trachea C) Sinuses D) Pharynx
B) Trachea
63
What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory process?
To contract and relax, helping to draw air into and push air out of the lungs.
64
True or False: The bronchi are the main passageways that branch from the trachea into the lungs.
True
65
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
diaphragm
66
What is the term for the process of inhaling and exhaling air?
ventilation
67
Multiple Choice: Which gas do humans primarily exhale? A) Oxygen B) Nitrogen C) Carbon Dioxide D) Hydrogen
C) Carbon Dioxide
68
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
To filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe.
69
True or False: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange.
True
70
Fill in the blank: The _____ connects the larynx to the bronchi.
trachea
71
What is the role of cilia in the respiratory system?
To trap and move particles and mucus out of the airways.
72
What is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy?
Cellular respiration
73
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
74
True or False: Cellular respiration occurs only in plants.
False
75
Fill in the blank: Cellular respiration takes place in the __________ of the cell.
mitochondria
76
What is the main reactant used in cellular respiration?
Glucose
77
What are the byproducts of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
78
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) Photosynthesis
C) Photosynthesis
79
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen is used to help convert glucose into energy.
80
True or False: Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
True
81
Fill in the blank: The energy produced during cellular respiration is stored in the form of __________.
ATP
82
What is ATP an abbreviation for?
Adenosine triphosphate
83
Multiple Choice: Which organism performs cellular respiration? A) Plants B) Animals C) Fungi D) All of the above
D) All of the above
84
What is the first step of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
85
True or False: Cellular respiration can occur without glucose.
False
86
Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria.
matrix
87
What does glycolysis produce?
Pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
88
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
Oxygen
89
Multiple Choice: What is a common product of anaerobic respiration in yeast? A) Lactic acid B) Ethanol C) Carbon dioxide
B) Ethanol
90
What happens to carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration?
It is released into the atmosphere.
91
Fill in the blank: The total number of ATP produced during cellular respiration is __________.
approximately 36 to 38

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