LS-9 Flashcards
The Heart
1
Q
Which valve connects the left atrium and ventricle?
A
Mitral Valve
2
Q
connects right ventricle & outgoing blood vessel
A
pulmonary artery
3
Q
Inflammation of a valve
A
Valvulitis
4
Q
Incision into vein
A
phlebotomy
5
Q
Cardiovascular system does what
A
body’s transport system
6
Q
what does the cardiovascular system provide
A
nourishment
cleanup services
communication
7
Q
what are the two parts?
A
heart (cardio) Blood vessels (vascular)
8
Q
Left side of heart
A
receives oxygenated blood from lungs. Delivers to the body
9
Q
Right side of heart
A
receives blood from body & delivers oxygen poor blood to lungs
10
Q
2 upper chambers
A
atria
11
Q
2 lower chambers
A
ventricles
12
Q
separates the left & right side
A
muscular septum
13
Q
between the right atrium & ventricle
A
Tricupsid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
14
Q
between left atrium & ventricle
A
mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve)
15
Q
left atrioventricular valve
A
mitral valve
16
Q
right atrioventricular valve
A
tricupsid valve
17
Q
Valves between each ventricle & large artery
A
pulmonary valve
aortic valves
18
Q
Valve between right ventricle & pulmonary artery
A
Pulmonary valve
19
Q
Valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
A
Aortic valve
20
Q
valve
A
valvul/o
21
Q
valvulotomy
A
incision into a heart valve
22
Q
valvulitis
A
inflammation of a heart valve
23
Q
atrium
A
atri/o
24
Q
atrium
A
upper chamber of the heart
25
quivering of atrial heart muscle
atrial fibrillation
26
sept/o
septum
27
atrial septal defect
abnormal presence of a hole between right & left atria
28
surgical repair of septum
septoplasty
29
ventricul/o
ventricle
30
ventriculotomy
incision into the ventricle
31
cardi/o
heart
32
cardiology
study of the heart
33
cardiac arrest
heart is not beating
34
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle
35
coron/o
heart
36
coronary artery
artery that delivers oxygent & nutrients to heart muscle
37
coronary thrombosis
clot in a coronary artery
38
Cardiovascular system is a _____system of tubes that carry blood to and from the heart
closed
39
Two specific circulations
pulmonary
| systeminc
40
pulmonary circulaion
takes blood from right side of heart out pulmonary artery to lungs to pick up oxygen & get rid of carbon dioxide. Blod returned to heart in the left atrium
41
how is blood returned to heart
left atrium
42
Systemic circulation?
take oxygenated blood->deliver to tissues. Picks up carbon dioxide & waste products such as urea
43
3 types of vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries
44
Arteries?
take blood away from heart
45
Veins?
carry blood to the heart
46
Capillaries?
only vessels where nutrients & wastes & gases leave and enter the blood.
47
3 roots that mean vessel
angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o
48
angioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a vessel
49
angiogram
record of the blood vessels
50
vasodilator
drug that causes relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel
51
vasculitis
inflammation of blood vessels
52
aort/o
aorta (vessel that carries blood from left ventricle to systemic circulation
53
aortitis
inflammation of the aorta
54
aortolith
stone in the aorta
55
arteri/o
means artery (muscular vessel that takes lood away from the heart)
56
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the artery
57
endarterectomy
REmoval of the INside of the ARTery
58
Ather/o
means fatty plaque
59
atherosclerosis
hardening of the artery due to fatty plaque
60
root for vein
vessel that takes blood back to the heart
- phleb/o
- ven/o
61
phlebotomy
incision into a vein
62
venospasm
constriction of a vein
63
Pectoralgia
chest pain-> the most common complaing
64
palpitation
jumping sensation
65
Arrhythmia
odd rhythm
66
Dysrhythmia
odd rhythm
67
Phlebalgia
pain in blood vessels most commonly associated with enlarged surface veins
68
4 Heart complaints?
1. Angina Pectoris
2. arrhythmia, dysrhythmia
3. palpitation
4. pectoralgia
69
Pectoralgia
pain in the chest (not necessarily due to the heart)
70
palpitation
rapid or irreular beating of the heart
71
arrhythmia, dysrhythmia
irregular heart beat
72
angina pectoris
cheset pain due to irregular flow to the heart
73
Conditions associated with circulation
aortalgia
diaphoresis
hemorrhage
phlebalgia
74
Aortalgia
pain in the aorta
75
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
76
hemorrhage
loss of blood
77
phlebalgia
pain in a vein
78
Indicators of how well the heart is pumping or the vessels are circulating blood:
skin color
pulse
blood pressure
79
3 signs of heart function
heart sounds
electrocardiogram
echocardiogram
80
skin color
blue and pale=poor perfusion
81
pulse
felt in the arteries; used to measure heart rate; also felt for strength
82
blood pressure
felt in the arteries due to the contraction of the heart (systole) followeed by relaxation of the heart (diastole)
83
systole
contraction of the heart
84
diastole
relaxation of the heart
85
1. Heart sounds:
2. First sound (S1)
3. Second Sound (S2)
1. Heart sounds are the closing of heart valves
2. 1st sound (S1) closing of atrioventricular valves
3. S2 (sound 2) closing of aortic & pulmonary valves
86
Electrocardiogram
record of the electrical activity of the heart
87
echocardiogram
ultrasound of the heart; can be used to view the structures of the heart (valves ^ layers) as well as blood flow through the heart
88
What is used to visualize blood vessels?
Angiogram
89
Angiogram to see abnormalities such as
atherosclerosis
embolus
occlusion
ectasia
90
Words relating to heart structure:
Endocardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
91
Endocardium
tissue lining INside of the heart
92
Epicardium
tissue lining OUTside of the heart
93
MYOcardium
middle layer of the heart, made of muscle
94
PERIcardium
tissue AROUND the heart
95
Condition of heart size
cardiomegaly
96
cardiomegaly
enlarged heart
97
conditions of heart rate
bradycardia
| tachycardia
98
bradycardia
slow heartbeat
99
tachycardia
fast heartbeat
100
cardiotoxic
poisonous to the heart
101
Cyanosis
condition of blue skin (due to imporper heart function)
102
murmur
abnormal heart sound due to blood flow
103
Vena cava does what
returns blood to the right atrium
104
Superior vena cava
collects blood from the head, nec, upper chest, and arms
105
Inferior Vena cava
collects blood from everywhere else
106
Angiogenesis
Development of blood vessels
107
angiopoiesis
formation of blood vessels
108
angiolith
stone forming in the wall of a vessel
109
angiosclerosis
hardening of a vessel
110
occlusion
closing or blockage of a passage
111
vasospasm
involuntary contaction of a blood vessel
112
Aortectasia
dilation of the aorta
113
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aorta
114
aortolith
stone depositi in the wall of the aorta
115
arteriolith
stone deposit in the wall of an artery
116
arteriorrhexis
rupture of an artery
117
arteriosclerosis
hardening of an artery
118
atherogenesis
formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery
119
atherosclerosis
hardening of an artery due to the build up of fatty plaque
120
Embolus
mass of matter present int the blood
121
embolism
blockage in a blood vessel caused by embolus
122
ischemia
blockage of blood flow to an organ
123
thrombus
blood clot
124
phlebosclerosis
hardening of a vein
125
venosclerosis
hardening of a vein
126
varicose veins
enlarged, dilated veins toerd the surface of the skin
127
venospasm
involuntary conraction of a vein
128
venostasis
trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression
129
Angiogram
record of blood vessells
130
aortogram
record of the aorta
131
arteriogram
record of an artery
132
venogram
record of a vein
133
xray of types of vessels
angiogram
aortogram
arteriogram
venogram
134
angiography
procedure to describe the blood vessels (process of taking an x-ray of vessels)
135
Angioscope
device used to look inside a vessel
136
vascular endoscopy
process of viewing the inside of a blood vessel
137
cardiac catheterization
process of sticking a hollow tube (catheter) into the heart
138
echocardiogram
image of the heart produced by ultrasound
139
echocardiography
using ultrasound waves to produce an image of the ehart
140
electrocardiogram
record of the electrical activity of the heart
141
electrocardiography
process of recording the electrical acivity of the heart
142
sonography
using ultrasound waves to view the heart
143
sterss electrocardiogram
electrocardiogram is obtained while the patient is exercising
144
transesophageal echocardiogram
sonograph is inserted into the esophagus; used to obtain a clearer image of the heart using ultrasound waves
145
Blood pressure
force of blood pressing against vessel walls
146
diastolic pressure
pressure on vessel walls while heart is RELAXING (in diastole)
147
Systolic pressure
pressure on vessel walls when the heart is in systole (CONTRACTING)
148
Cardiology
study of the heart
149
cardiologist
specialist in the study of the heart
150
phlebology
study of veins
151
phlebologist
experts in the study of veins
152
phlebotomy
incision into a vein
153
phlebotomist
specialist in obtaining blood from veins
154
3 types of circulation
coronary
pulmonary
systemic
155
coronary circulation
circulation from heart to heart muscle
156
pulmonary circulation
circulation from the heart through pulmonary vessels to pick up oxygen and then back to the heart
157
Systemic Circulation
from the heart to everywhere except the lungs and heart
158
Abnormalities of the heart can be present at birth
structural defect
159
Structural Defect
hole present through atrial or ventricular septal wall
160
abnormalities of the heart
electrical defect
| diseased heart muscle
161
electrical defect
will cause arrhythmias (dysrhythmias is a synonym)
162
diseased heart muscle
cardiomyopathy; can lead to cardiac insufficiency
163
infections of the heart
different layers can be inflammed (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis)
164
Lack of blood supply to heart muscle
Ischemia
165
Ischemia
Lack of blood flow to heart muscle. If blood flow is not restored, can have tissue death or myocardial infarction.
166
Heart muscle failure
typically congestive heart failure. Causes back up of blood in the veins leading to tissue swelling
167
Blockages
Deep vein thrombosis
168
Aneurysm
weakened area that bulges
169
Inflammation
phlebitis, vasculitis
170
Carditis
inflammation of the heart
171
angiocarditis
inflammation of the blood vessels of the heart
172
endocarditis
inflammation of inner lining of heart
173
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle
174
pericarditis
inflammation of outer lining of the heart
175
valvulitis
inflammation of valves of heart
176
cardiomyopathy
conditions of the heart related to disease
177
restrictive cardiomyopathy
stiffened heart muscle restrics filling therefore amount of blood heart pumps is reduced
178
Hypertrophic cardiomyopahy
Enlarged heart muscle obstructs flow
179
congestive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy
heart cannot pump out all of the blood causing heart to become stretched and the pumping of blood to weaken/slow
180
Congenital Heart Defects
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
| Ventricular Septarl Defect (VSD)
181
Congenital Heart Defects
Flaw in the structure of the heart present
182
Atrial sepal defect (ASD)
hole in the septum that separates the left & right atria
183
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
hole in the septum that separates the left and right ventricles
184
Abnormal Heart Conditions
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Cardiac Arrest
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Coronary Thrombosis
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Myocardial Ischemia
185
Atrial Fibrillation
Quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's atrium
186
Cardiac Arrest
Heart does not beat, resulting in a stoppage in blood circulation
187
Congestive Heart Failure
Heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself
188
Coronary Thrombosis
Clot in a coronary arery
189
Myocardial Infarction
Death of heart tissue (usually due to a prolonged period of myocardial ischemia)
190
Myocardial Ischemia
reduced blood flow to the heart tissue
191
Coronary Thrombosis
clot in a coronary artery
192
Cardiac Arrest
Heart does not beat, resulting in a stoppage in blood circulation
193
Pericardial Effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue that surrounds the heart
194
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the heart
195
Aneurysm
Bulge in blood vessel (due to a weak area of the vessel wall)
196
Angioedema
swelling of the blood vessels
197
Angioma
tumor of blood vessels
198
vasculitis
inflammation of blood vessels
199
Aortic Aneurysm
Bulging/swelling of the aorta (due to a weak area of the aortic wall)
200
Aortic regurgitation
backward flow of blood through aortic valve into left ventricle; caused by a weak valve
201
Aortitis
inflammation of the aorta
202
Arteriopathy
disease of the arteries
203
Arteritis
inflammation of the arteries
204
Deep Vein thrombosis
formation of clot in a deep vein; usually in the leg
205
Phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
206
Phlebostenosis
narrowing of a vein
207
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein due to a clot
208
Hypertension
high blood pressure
209
hypotension
low blood pressure
210
normotension
normal blood pressure
211
Antianginal Medications
Against angina (chest pain) pevents or relieves symptoms of angina pectoris
212
Antiarrhythmics
medications against arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat pattern)
213
Cardioversion
delivers a small timed shock to the heart to allow it to reset to a normal rhythm
214
Hypertension medications
dilate blood vessels
215
Hypotension medications
Constrict blood vessels
216
Thrombolytics
breakds down clots
217
anticoagulant
opposes coagulation of the blood
218
antihypertensive
reduces high blood pressure
219
vasodilator
relaxes or expands a blood vessel
220
Drugs to treat high blood pressure
antihypertensive
| vasodilator
221
Drug to treat low blood pressure
vasopressor, vasoconstrictor
222
vasopressor, vasoconstrictor
constricts or narrows the blood vessel
223
cardiotonic
increases strength of heart contractions
224
Coronary Atherosclerosis
causes a reduction in blood flow to the cardiac muscle
225
Coronary artery bypass graft
blood vessel from another part of the body is used to make an alternate route for blood to get to the heart around an area of blockage
226
coronary artery disease
can be corrected with percutaneous coronary intervention
227
Balloon angioplasty
balloon inflated to cruh buildup in a coronary artery
228
Atherectomy
build up dstroyed
229
Stent
mesh tube inserted into artery
230
Cardiothoracic surgery
requires cutting through the chest wall to get to the heart
231
cardiopulmonary bypass
device that will act as the lungs (provides oxygen, removes carbon dioxide) and the heart (circulaes the blood) during surgery if the heart is purposely stopped
232
Coronary arterectomy
surgical removal of a coronary artery
233
Coronary Artery Bypas Graft (CABG)
using a borrowed vessel to go around a blocked coronary artery
234
coronary artery bypass surgery
going around a blocked coronary artery
235
percuaneous coronary intervention
does not require cardiothoracic surgery
tools are passed through a blood vessel and the coronary arteries for treatment
Percutaneous means across the skin which is the puncture of the skin to the blood vessel (usually in the groin)
236
Valvectomy
removal of a valve (it will be replaced)
237
valvotomy
incision into a valve
238
valvuloplasty
surgical repair of a valve
239
Cardiomyotomy
incision into the heart muscle
240
ventriculotomy
incision into a ventricle
241
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
242
What is CPR used for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is used to mimic the heart and lung function. The cardiac function (circulate blood) is accomplished by heart compressions.
The pulmonary function (get oxygen into the body, get carbon dioxide out of the body) is accomplished when breathing into the patient.
243
cardioversion
returning heart to normal rhythm
244
Pericardiocentesis
puncture into the pericardium (usually to remove excess fluid)
245
pericardiotomy
incision into the pericardium
246
cardiothoracic surgery
cutting through patient's chest to get to the heart
247
Aneurysmectomy
removal of aneurysm
248
arteriectomy
removal of artery
249
atherectomy
removal of fatty plaque within an artery
250
embolectomy
removal of embolus
251
endarterectomy
removal of the inside of an artery
252
phlebectomy
removal of a vein
253
venectomy
removal of a vein
254
Angiorrhaphy
suturing of a vessel
255
aortorrhaphy
suturing of the aorta
256
arteriorrhaphy
suturing of an artery
257
Angioplasty
surgical repair of a vessel
258
Arterioplasty
surgical repair of an artery
259
Aortotomy
incision into the aorta
260
varicotomy
incision into a varicose vein
261
anastomosis
creation of an opening between two normally separate structures
262
phlebophlebostomy
procedure to create an oepning between 2 veins
263
A-fib
Atrial Fibrilation (atrial not contracting; muscle is quivering)
264
NSR
Normal sinus rhythm
265
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest (heart not beating)
266
ASD
atrial septal defect
267
MVP
mitral valve prolapse (valve does not close properly, allowing blood to back flow into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts
268
VSD
ventricular septal defect
269
CO
cardiac output (amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute, measured in liters)
270
SV
stroke volume (amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in one contraction, measured in milliliters)
271
CTA
computed tomographic angiography
272
ECHO
echocardiogram
273
EKG
electrocardiogram (K=kario which is german)
274
MRA
Magnetic resonance angiography
275
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
276
CHF
Congestive Heart Failure
| heart is weak and cannot pump effectively, causing blood to back up and cause congestion in veins
277
MI
myocardial infarction (heart muscle death, usually due to prolonged myocardia ischemia, which is usually due to CAD)
278
CAD
coronary artery disease (presence of plaque in coronary artery that reduces blood flow to the heart muscle)
279
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
280
BP
blood pressure (used to determine normotension, hypertension, and hypotension)
281
CTA
computed tomographic angiography (use CT scan to obtain an x-ray of the coronary arteries)
282
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography (use MRI to obtain image of coronary arteries)
283
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention (procedures that are completed by threading tools into vessels and into the heart)
284
AA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
285
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
286
HTN
hypertension
