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Powerplant > Lubrication Systems > Flashcards

Lubrication Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Important functions of the lubrication system:

A

1) Reduces friction
2) Removes heat
3) Seals and cushions
4) Protects against corrosion
5) Performs hydraulic action
6) Cleans inside of engine

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2
Q

Contaminants commonly picked up by engine oil:

A

1) Combustion deposits
2) Sludge
3) Dirt
4) Carbon
5) Particles of metal

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3
Q

Define viscosity:

A

The resistance of a fluid to flow. The stiffness of the fluid, or its internal friction.

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4
Q

Define viscosity index:

A

A measure of change in viscosity of an oil as it changes temperature. The higher the viscosity index, the less the viscosity changes.

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5
Q

The “W” in 20W50 stands for ______.

A

Winter

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6
Q

Define flash point:

A

The temperature of oil when it gives off enough vapors to ignite and flash, but not continue to burn.

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7
Q

Define fire point:

A

The temperature to which oil must be heated for the vapors to ignite and burn continuously.

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8
Q

Define cloud point:

A

The temperature at which the wax in the oil first becomes visible.

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9
Q

Define pour point:

A

The lowest temperature at which oil will pour without disturbance.

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10
Q

Types of reciprocating engine lubricating oil:

A

1) Straight mineral
2) Ashless-dispersant
3) Synthetic
4) Semisynthetic

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11
Q

Used for the break-in period of newly overhauled reciprocating engines.

A

Straight mineral oil.

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12
Q

Type of oil used almost exclusively for turbine engines:

A

Synthetic oil.

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13
Q

Oil used in applications requiring high film strength:

A

Extreme pressure (EP) lubricants

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14
Q

Most popular lubricating oil for use in modern aircraft engines:

A

Ashless dispersant

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15
Q

Oil with high viscosity index changes its viscosity very ______ with changes in temperature.

A

Little

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16
Q

Advantages of synthetic oil:

A

1) Superior resistance to oxidation.

2) Low internal friction

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17
Q

Most heat picked up by oil in a reciprocating engine come from the ______ and ______.

A

Pistons.

Cylinder walls.

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18
Q

When an engine is to remain out of service for an extended period of time, the cylinder walls should be protected with a _______.

A

Preservative oil.

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19
Q

Recommended breaking in time for new and freshly overhauled engines.

A

10-50 hours

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20
Q

An ideal lubricating oil has a low ______ and a high ________.

A

Viscosity.

Film strength.

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21
Q

Recip engine parts that are lubricated by pressure oil.

A

1) Crankshaft
2) Camshaft
3) Propeller shaft
4) Rocker arm bushings

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22
Q

Explain the thermostatic valve.

A

Temperature sensitive valve that controls oil temperature. When oil is cold, the valve directs it to the engine. When oil is hot, it redirects it through the cooler.

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23
Q

A valve that controls the temperature of oil in a reciprocating engine.

A

Thermostatic valve.

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24
Q

Two types of lubricating systems oil storage:

A

1) Wet sump

2) Dry sump

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25
Q

What returns oil to the tank after lubricating process is complete?

A

Scavenger pumps

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26
Q

Where is the oil cooler installed?

A

Between scavenger pump and oil tank

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27
Q

When oil temps are high, the thermostatic valve is ______.

A

Closed

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28
Q

Types of oil filter arrangements:

A

1) Full-flow

2) Bypass

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29
Q

Used in large oil tanks to hasten warm up of engine oil:

A

Hoppers.

30
Q

Types of oil pumps used in reciprocating engines:

A

1) Spur gear

2) Gerotor

31
Q

A constant displacement oil pump requires a _______.

A

Pressure relief valve

32
Q

The valve in an oil cooler that prevents high pressure issues caused by congealed oil:

A

Surge protection valve

33
Q

Required instruments relating to the engine lubrication system of an aircraft engine:

A

1) Oil pressure gauge

2) Oil temp gauge

34
Q

Most popular lubrication system used on modern turbine engines:

A

Dry sump

35
Q

Turbine engine oil has a ______ viscosity than reciprocating engine oil.

A

Lower

36
Q

Viscosity of turbine engine oil is expressed in _______.

A

Centistokes.

37
Q

Component that maintains oil pump pressure at correct value:

A

Pressure relief valve

38
Q

In a cold tank dry sump system, the oil cooler is located in the _____.

A

Scavenger subsystem

39
Q

In a hot tank dry sump system, the oil cooler is located in the _______.

A

Pressure subsystem

40
Q

Types of bearings used to support the turbine shaft:

A

1) Roller

2) Ball

41
Q

Different ways that lubrication is applied in an engine:

A

1) Pressure
2) Splash
3) Spray

42
Q

Different types of filter elements and their methods:

A

1) Surface (Wire screen)
2) Edge (Spiral wound/Cuno)
3) Depth (Fibrous mat)
4) Semi-Depth (Pleated Fiber)

43
Q

T/F

Turbine oil does not contact combustion/airstream.

A

True

44
Q

Used to prevent oil from leaving the bearing cavity:

A

Labyrinth seal

45
Q

Oils with low pour points will pour _______ (more/less) easily at colder temperatures.

A

More.

The lower the pour point, the better it pours at colder temperatures

46
Q

Explain the wet sump lubrication system.

A

Lubrication system in which the oil supply is carried within the engine itself.

47
Q

Explain the dry sump lubrication system.

A

Lubrication system that carries the oil supply in a tank not normally part of the engine.

48
Q

Types of dry-sump lubrication systems:

A

1) Hot tank system

2) Cold tank system

49
Q

Why must turbine shaft bearings be sealed?

A

To prevent lubricating oil from getting into the engine airstream.

50
Q

A chamber in an oil tank in which air is allowed to escape from scavenged oil:

A

Dwell chamber

51
Q

Commonly used seals in turbine engines:

A

1) Carbon

2) Labyrinth

52
Q

Carbon seals are a _______ type seal.

A

Rubbing

53
Q

Labyrinth seals are a ______ type seal.

A

Non-rubbing

54
Q

A component that removes air from scavenged oil before it is returned to the tank:

A

Deaerator

55
Q

The creation of low pressure in an oil pump when the inlet system is not able to supply all the oil the pump requires is called ______.

A

Cavitation

56
Q

Oil tanks are required to have an expansion space of ______% of tank capacity.

A

10%

57
Q

The air removed from the oil by the deaerator is used to ___________.

A

Pressurize the oil tank

58
Q

Types of scavenger pumps:

A

1) Spur gear
2) Gerotor
3) Vane-type

59
Q

Oil pumps on turbine engines are what type?

A

Positive displacement

60
Q

A device installed in the scavenger system to detect ferrous metal flakes picked up by the circulating oil.

A

Chip detector

61
Q

A chip detector that illuminates a warning light on the instrument panel:

A

Indicating chip detector

62
Q

Oil level dipsticks will have notations for what two levels?

A

Max cold.

Max hot.

63
Q

A test that measures the weight of carbon left in a container when a given weight of oil has evaporated at high temperatures:

A

Carbon-residue test

64
Q

A test that measures the weight of residue left after all carbon in a container has evaporated and burned:

A

Ash test

65
Q

In a reciprocating engine dry sump system, where is the oil cooler installed?

A

Between the scavenger pump and the oil tank.

66
Q

In a reciprocating engine wet sump system, where is the oil cooler installed?

A

After the oil pump.

67
Q

Reciprocating engines use what type of oil pumps?

A

Constant-displacement pump

68
Q

The _______ prevents oil from seeping past the pump gears and flooding the engine when the aircraft is not in operation for extended periods of time.

A

Check valve

69
Q

In the case of a catastrophic oil leak, the ________ ensures there will be enough oil remaining to feather the propeller.

A

Standpipe

70
Q

Oil temperature is normally picked up when?

A

Before the oil enters the engine itself.

71
Q

Most modern turbine engine oil coolers are what type?

A

Oil-to-fuel type

Powerplant (19 decks)

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