Lucky Last Flashcards
1
Q
- When should OC Body strip the body of clothing etc
A
Stripping of the body will take place immediately before the post-mortem examination commences, but must only be undertaken on the specific direction of the OC investigation, generally after a visual examination and collection of evidence from the clothed body has been completed.
Before entering the post-mortem examination room or handling the body, the OC Body and any other persons present must dress in protective clothing
Must be stripped in front of the pathologist.
2
Q
- The OC exhibits has a responsibility to maintain an awareness of the significance of each exhibit and what examinations may be available. What other specific matters regarding each exhibit must the OC exhibits determine?
A
The OC Exhibits will determine, plan and record the examination and interrogation of every exhibit and establish its relevance to the investigation.
OC Exhibits may also conduct an appreciation and facilitate a thorough interrogation of every exhibit, to establish the:
• evidential value of each exhibit
• investigative opportunities presented by each exhibit
• further enquiries that are needed.
3
Q
- OC area canvass submit report – what matters should it contain.
A
Final report: At the conclusion of the area canvass the phase OC must submit a report to the OC Investigation outlining the circumstances of this particular aspect of the investigation. The report should include; a summary of all action taken, any significant findings highlighted and attention drawn to any action that has been undertaken which was outside of the original phase strategy.
4
Q
- During course of some trials witness intimidation may occur. Something about what info can OC do…
A
Witness intimidation: By maintaining contact with witnesses, Police will be more likely to become aware of any threats, intimidation or interference and can arrange for appropriate action to be taken; such as initiating the witness protection program
A risk assessment must be conducted to establish the extent to which a witness might be at risk of intimidation and/or physical harm. Different forms of intimidation may result from a witness providing information to Police, ranging from fear of going to Court, to life being at serious risk. Intelligence personnel may be tasked to contribute to the assessment and consultation should take place between the OC Investigation and the Crown Solicitor where any witness is subject to intimidation.
5
Q
- Four matter to cover from OC suspects in briefing team.
A
Their initial briefing should encompass:
• the circumstances of the offence including an analysis of the scene and witness evidence available
• the full details of all persons of interest and any suspect, where the identity of suspects are known
• details of any descriptions of the suspect provided by witnesses (a schedule of descriptions may be prepared to assist)
• whether any particular modus operandi/crime signatures have been identified.
6
Q
- S 10(4) Disclosure act obligation imposed by this subsection on the person providing disclosure
A
More recently, section 10(4) of the Act provides that disclosure may be supplied in whatever form, including electronically, that the person disclosing the information holds it in at the time of the request, provided this will be readily accessible to the defendant.
Consideration must be given to whether a defendant has ‘ready’ access to a computer with which to access electronic disclosure documents, particularly if remanded in prison.
7
Q
- 4 benefits of applying appreciation technique
A
Benefits: Applying an appreciation technique can provide the following key benefits: • Manages risk • Reduces uncertainty • Eliminates duplication • Ensures nothing is overlooked • Effective use of resources
8
Q
- FLO identify cultural origins of victims family and ensure they are familiar with relevant cultural belief and protocols
A
Cultural liaison:The FLO should identify the cultural origins of the victim’s family and ensure they are
familiar with relevant cultural beliefs and protocols, to enhance relations with the family and to contribute to the victim profile.
9
Q
- Requirements file manager ensure are completed when setting up investigation headquarters
A
The File Manager, where there is no logistics officer appointed, must liaise closely with the 2IC to establish the requirements for the Investigation Headquarters, including: • location • office support staff • transport • equipment • communications • ICT requirements.
Communication flow: The file manager must assist the 2IC to prepare daily bulletins/sitreps, Police and special notices, organisational charts and daily rosters and ensuring these are well-displayed within the Investigation Headquarters, preferably on a notice board.
10
Q
- Why is it important to develop a forensic strategy for exam of exhibits
A
Developing a Forensic Strategy: Developing a strategy for examination of exhibits allows the OC Exhibits to prioritise tasks in line with the direction of the investigation. The strategy must be approved by the OC Investigation and continually reviewed throughout the investigation to keep abreast of any developments.
11
Q
- 2 main purposes for police attending scene of any death
A
No matter what the circumstances of death are (e.g. an accident, suicide, apparent natural causes, work place accident or unexplained death), Police purpose is always to investigate thoroughly and gather sufficient evidence to satisfactorily explain the circumstances of the death.
12
Q
- Action police take when body disturbed at scene
A
It is critical that crime scene attendees quickly establish what movement has taken place and that the OC Body
record this information as soon as possible.
Where the body has been disturbed:
• Do not attempt to restore the scene to its original unchanged condition.
• Make enquiries to enable the original unchanged scene to be subsequently reconstructed and photographed, if required.
13
Q
- What matters should the OC Canvass record in a detailed master record?
A
Monitoring progress: A detailed master record of ongoing progress should be continually maintained and updated by the OC Area Canvass, showing which addresses have been visited, which occupants interviewed, the documentation completed and any relevant comments made.
14
Q
- In case of homicide who takes VIS and then no older than?
A
Victim impact statements: Victims should be given the opportunity to make a written statement about the impact the crime has had on them, through a victim impact statement (Refer Victims’ Rights Act 2002 sections 17 to 27).
The statement must be available for sentencing and should be no older than 28 days at the time of sentencing.
Homicide trained Victim Support volunteers are trained to assist Police by taking Victim Impact Statements from surviving family members.
15
Q
- Initial police arrive at stabbing victim serious anticipated to die- verbal statement obtained. Under S18(1)(a) E.A 2006 how can police satisfy statement is admissible.
A
In order to be considered admissible evidence under 18(1)(a), the court must be satisfied that both the content of the statement and the person who made it, are reliable. Police taking the statement must therefore record any factors which demonstrate the reliability of the statement or its maker. The circumstances to consider under section 16(1) of the Evidence Act 2006, include:
• the nature of the statement;
• the contents of the statement;
• the circumstances relating to the making of the statement;
• circumstances relating to the veracity of the person;
• circumstances relating to the accuracy of the observation of the person.
16
Q
- How can OC Area Canvass keep morale up of staff
A
The OC Area Canvass should ensure staff morale remains high and this can be achieved by providing regular feedback on the way canvass enquiries are contributing to the progress of the investigation, together with updates on the progress being made with other phases of the enquiry.
17
Q
- Decribe 4 methods of identifying body when body decomposed
A
Methods of identification: Mutilation or decomposition may render visual identification of a body impossible. Where the identity of victim cannot be established, consider the following methods of
identification, in consultation with the Coroner:
• fingerprints
• DNA profiling (identification results take 3-4 weeks or 48 hours for urgent analysis)
• dental records, available through the Region Forensic Dentistry Advisor
• eye examination records
• personal effects
• facial reconstruction.
18
Q
- Scene witnesses proximate to events evidence transferred etc. What action interviewing police take prior to interview and then state types of physical evidence that may be present
A
Before a witness is interviewed, a plan must be prepared to preserve and recover all available physical evidence from the witness including DNA, fingerprints, clothes, footwear, fibres, body fluids, glass or other material.
The plan to preserve and recover evidence from a forensically important witness should consider these issues where applicable;
- Immediate DNA swabs of any areas of the witness that the suspect may have touched.
- Immediate DNA swabs of any blood present on the witness.
- Immediate swabs of any other relevant stains present on the witness.
- Forensic medical examination – fingernail scrapings/hair combing etc
- Seizure of clothing and footwear
- Seizure of any items of property touched by suspect
19
Q
- Initial actions of Disclosure manager
A
- read the Disclosure Managers desk file
- access the current Serious Crime Template downloaded to the local district shared drive, for use during the investigation
- report to the 2IC to receive a briefing, tasking, establishing what information is and is not discoverable, and ongoing supervision.
20
Q
- Action of OC exhibit take when are further enquiries
A
Results of exhibit examinations: The OC Exhibits must update the Exhibits Register with the results of exhibit examinations. The OC Exhibits should bring such information to the attention of the OC Investigation and not assume that they are aware of it by any other means.
Where the OC Exhibits becomes aware that further enquiries are required in relation to a particular exhibit, this must be highlighted to the 2IC so that follow-up enquiries can be initiated.
21
Q
- Explain common approach path
A
Common approach paths are a route in and out of the scene that all staff/civilians are to use. This path will be a route that avoids any route taken to and from the scene by the suspect or victim. It is best to consider possible approach paths previously and establish a common approach path early to prevent loss of evidence or cross contamination.
22
Q
22.At conclusion of PM, OC body must hand exhibits to OC – list three things that must do
A
The OC Body must hand all exhibits to the OC Exhibits, in order to maintain an unbroken chain of exhibit continuity and security. They should also provide the OC Exhibits with:
• the post-mortem Scene Exhibit Schedule
• copy of the OC Body’s notebook entries
• formal statement.
23
Q
- When Crown solicitor directs police to interview alibi witness – actions police take
A
Must only be interviewed under the direction of the Crown Solicitor. When particulars of alibi witnesses are notified concerning a matter in respect of which proceedings have been commenced, the investigator must:
• make enquiries to determine the veracity of the alibi
• conduct inquiries as directed by the OC Investigation and the Crown Solicitor including NIA checks on the alibi witness
• forward the results of these enquiries to the Crown Solicitor, including any statements obtained
24
Q
- In serious crime, dr may examine suspect- apart from noting injuries and taking samples, what else can dr report on.
A
Police doctor to examine the suspect. The doctor must:
- swab the suspect’s hands for firearms residue using a specialist Firearms Detection Kit, as soon as possible where a firearm has been involved in an offence. Such residue may persist on the hands or clothing of a suspect for up to three hours.
- provide a professional opinion regarding the condition of the suspect.
Record any explanations or comments made by the suspect about the offence or the cause of any of injuries. Photographs of the suspect and any relevant marks or injuries must be taken.
25
25. Describe chain of custody and state the purpose
The chain of custody: The chain of custody includes every individual who has had custody of an exhibit, from the time it was first discovered until the time it is produced in Court. It is used to demonstrate the integrity, and therefore admissibility, of exhibits.
While an exhibit was under their control, each person with custody of the exhibit must be able to demonstrate:
• when they received custody of the exhibit and from whom
• where and how the exhibit was securely stored
• when, why and how the exhibit was moved from one place to another
• how the exhibit has been treated, safeguarded and preserved
• when and why they transferred custody of an exhibit to another person, and to whom.
26
26. 3 categories of a victims medical status
This falls into one of three categories:
• Alive and uninjured
• Alive but injured
• Shows no signs of life
27
27. Something about instructions to person identifying body
It is important those carrying out the formal identification are fully informed what is required of them and what they should expect to see when they view the deceased, particularly after a post-mortem examination has taken place.
28
28. Why important in some cases conduct area canvass at same time as offence
In some cases, the area canvass should be conducted at the same time as the original offence occurred, to capture people who regularly pass through that area at that time of the day, e.g. a homicide of a person in a park in the early hours of the morning.
29
29. 2 reasons why important to do risk assessment relating to witness of serious offence.
A risk assessment must be conducted to establish the extent to which a witness might be at risk of intimidation and/or physical harm. Different forms of intimidation may result from a witness providing information to Police, ranging from fear of going to Court, to life being at serious risk. Intelligence personnel may be tasked to contribute to the assessment and consultation should take place between the OC Investigation and the Crown Solicitor where any witness is subject to intimidation.
30
30. What information to gain from the informant/complainant which will assist the investigation?
Every effort should be made to obtain:
• Identity and location of suspect
• A first hand account of what the informant knows
• Precise details of the location of the scene
• Circumstances leading to the discovery
• Identity of the victim
• Details of anyone else at the scene
• Full contact details of complainant / informant
• Demeanour of complainant / informant
• Relationship of the complainant / informant to the victim or suspect
• Details of action the complainant / informant has taken and where they have been
• Details of any hazards or safety issues that may affect Police approaching the scene / victim
31
31. What is the first thing to consider when undertaking a course of action at a serious crime scene?
Risk assessment:Initial action at the scene is crucial but may also present physical risks as well as a risk of contamination to the scene. Before initial actions can be safely undertaken, those in charge at the scene must conduct an appreciation on the known information, to dictate how, why and what form initial action should take.
Subject to the appreciation of risks, a reconnaissance should be conducted to establish who is present at the scene. This may include other injured people, or a hidden offender.
32
32. Police who arrive at a serious crime scene should identify, preserve and record the scene. What actions should Police take to preserve the scene upon initial arrival?
* Consider the best path into the scene.
* Record any movements/action taken in the scene
* Preserve what is there and leave it 'in situ'. Ensure nothing is touched or moved. The scene must be kept in its original state.
* If no immediate life is at risk, consider using stepping plates.
* Be prepared to take immediate action to preserve and/or record evidence that may change if nothing is done. For example, rain may damage a footprint or bloodstain.
33
33. In the case of a homicide or serious crime involving a Maori Victim, an Iwi Liaison Officer (ILO) must be engaged as early as possible. In what ways can the ILO provide assistance to the investigation?
Maori Culture: In the case of a homicide or serious crime involving a Maori victim, an Iwi liaison Officer must be engaged as early as possible. This will support an understanding and awareness of the Maori traditions, protocol and beliefs, and enhance relations between the investigation, family of the deceased and the Maori community.
34
34. What action must Police staff at the scene of a serious crime take if the media are present?
If members of the media are present at the scene, keep them away from the immediate crime scene cordon and make no comment about the incident. Consult with the OC Investigation on arrival and explain what has happened, identify media members and where they are located.
35
35. State why it is important that Police who have first contact with the informant to a serious offence should be debriefed regarding the contact.
Police who have first contact with the informant should be debriefed and a full record made of their account. This record could become crucial if the informant is later identified as a suspect. In some circumstances, consideration should be given to interviewing such officers as investigatively important witnesses.
36
36. Describe who should be appointed as OC body at a serious crime scene?
Appointment of the OC Body: The OC Body should be an experienced investigator with awareness of forensic issues. Where this is not possible, the OC Body may require additional support and/or mentoring.
37
37. Describe the primary role of the OC body during a post mortem examination.
Responsibilities of the OC Body during post mortem. The OC Body must:
• attend the post-mortem examination with the OC Investigation, or deputy appointed by them
• attend the briefing of the pathologist by the OC Investigation, and contribute as required
• ensure the Police photographer takes appropriate and sufficient photographs of the body before clothing is removed, again after the body is disrobed, and during the post-mortem examination. The pathologist will direct the photographer
• preserve evidence from the body
• record, label and secure all samples and exhibits associated with the body
• arrange for fingerprints and palm prints to be taken, if required
• attend the debrief of the pathologist and record the findings, on direction of the OC and/or pathologist
• ensure all cultural responsibilities have been addressed.
38
38. Under what circumstances may the OC body make any notes of discussions concerning the post mortem examination?
Taking notes: The OC Body must not make any notes of discussions concerning the post-mortem examination, unless specifically directed to by the OC Investigation and/or the pathologist.
39
39. The OC Body has the responsibility to ensure that photographs of the body are taken at the mortuary. Describe the instruction to be given to the photographer regarding the taking of photographs of the body.
Photographing the body: In addition to photographs taken at the scene, the OC Body must ensure the photographer at the mortuary takes sufficient appropriate photographs of:
• the body, before it is stripped
• the body, after it is stripped
• close up photographs of any wounds, marks, internal injuries and unusual features.
These photographs must include a measuring scale placed in proximity to the feature being photographed, to make a permanent record of the dimensions of the feature.
40
40. The role of the Family Liaison Officer (FLO) involves the day to day management of the partnership between the family of the deceased and the Police Investigation. Describe the primary function of the FLO.
The primary function of an FLO is that of an investigator and not a support person. However, in performing this role, the FLO must also offer, facilitate and co-ordinate support that addresses the needs of the family.
The FLO should normally report to the OC Investigation to ensure continuity of supervision. However, at the outset of the enquiry line reporting must be determined and, depending on the facts of the case, the FLO may report to a different person, for example the OC General Enquiries.
41
41. When implementing the family liaison plan, the family liaison officer should identify which family member(s) to liaise with at an early stage. Describe who the term ‘family’ relates to.
The term ‘family’:
• includes partners, parents, siblings, children, guardians, whänau and any others who have had a direct and close relationship with the victim
• includes ‘chosen’ family
• should reflect the victim’s culture and lifestyle.
42
42. The main objectives of an area canvass?
The main objectives of an area canvass may include:
• Identifying the offender
• Identifying and locating evidence such as vehicles, discarded clothing, weapons and other articles
• Identifying witnesses
• Gathering information
Other benefits include:
• Sightings of the victim or offender before or after the event.
• Sightings of relevant property or vehicles
• Sightings of potential witnesses
43
43. How can specialist Police units such as the Criminal Profiling Unit or Criminal or geographic profilers assist the OC area canvass during the area canvass planning stage?
Identifying location parameters: Specialist Police units such as the Criminal Profiling Unit or criminal or geographic profilers may be consulted to assist with setting parameters or identifying locations where suspects are likely to frequent or to reside.
Once the location parameters are set, intelligence systems should be analysed to establish whether there are any people or events in the area which those carrying out the enquiries should be aware of. This may include:
• violent offenders
• persons wanted by police for other crimes or wanted on warrant
• groups with particular linguistic or cultural needs
• local incidents or issues which residents may raise with Police.
44
44. Under the completion of the area canvass phase, the OC area canvass must submit a report to the OC investigation outlining the circumstances of this particular aspect of the investigation. What matters must the report contain?
The report should include; a summary of all action taken, any significant findings highlighted and attention drawn to any action that has been undertaken which was outside of the original phase strategy.
45
45. What responsibilities does the OC suspects have when an alibi is put forward by an offender concerning a matter in respect of which proceedings have been commenced?
Whenever an alibi is put forward by an offender concerning a matter in respect of which proceedings have been commenced, it is the responsibility of the OC Suspects to make thorough enquiries to determine the veracity of the alibi and to fully report the result of these enquiries to the Crown Solicitor, via the 2IC.
46
46. During the suspects phase of an investigation it is important for the OC suspects to regularly debrief their team members. What general matters should be covered during the debriefs?
Provide briefings/debriefings: The OC Suspects phase must regularly debrief their team members on the enquiries they have conducted and the results of these enquiries so that they can maintain a constant flow of information at conferences, between the members of the suspects team and other investigation staff. Priority information must be brought to the attention of the OC Investigation as necessary.
47
47. Interviewing a suspect the OC suspect must ensure the interviewer???
The interview is conducted in accordance with the "Investigative Interviewing Suspect Guide".
The interview is monitored by a supervisor or experienced detective to ensure that all key points and areas are covered.
Ensure an explanation is sought from the suspect in relation to any exhibits found.
48
48. When appointing an officer to interview a witness to a serious offence, what four main issues should be considered regarding the potential interviewing officer?
These issues should be considered:
• the level of training of the interviewer:
• the experience the officer has in interviewing witnesses in major investigations and any additional skills the interviewer has which may be advantageous in the circumstances
• the suitability of the officer to undertake the interview.
This should include a consideration of any welfare issues and whether any previous experience that the officer has with the witness is likely to either inhibit or encourage a rapport with the interviewee, or give rise to later challenges of coaching, prompting or offering inducements.
Page 7, Part 10
49
49. You are the first at the scene of a homicide and you are advised that the suspect is still present. What should be your first priority in relation to the suspect?
Preliminary interview with suspect;
Record all comments made and action taken with suspect;
Isolate suspect from other suspects/witnesses/victims;
Search and surveillance powers of detention/search or arrest if possible – consider cautioning;
Obtain cooperation and ask them to remain if no powers;
Note and consider the condition of the suspect, whether they are injured, under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or suffer from a medical or mental impairment or other special consideration.
50
50. What information should the disclosure manager provide to the crown solicitor regarding disclosure?
The Crown should be provided with an identical copy of all material that is disclosed to defence counsel. The Crown should also review an un-edited copy of the material, where appropriate. This material should remain under the control of the File Manager while it is
being reviewed.
51
51. O/C exhibits is responsible for the evidential value of each exhibit and what else?
The OC Exhibits is responsible for establishing required standards for the recovery, handling, labelling, storage, submission to experts, presentation at Court and disposal of exhibits and ensuring these processes are completed in accordance with the requirements set by the OC Investigation and the Serious Crime Template. The OC Exhibits must communicate required standards to all investigation team members, usually at investigation conferences.
52
52. Describe four of the responsibilities of the OC exhibits in a serious crime investigation.
* To maintain physical security of exhibits (safe storage)
* To maintain the continuity of all exhibits (chain of custody)
* To establish and maintain exhibit management systems
* To ensure all exhibits are fully examined in accordance with the Forensic Strategy meeting decisions
* To submit exhibits for examination
* To produce exhibits in court
* To facilitate the inspection of exhibits by defence counsel.
53
53. Describe two of the topics to be covered during a forensic strategy meeting.
Topics covered during a Forensic Strategy meeting may include:
• What examinations ESR and others could conduct on exhibits.
• The priority each examination should receive.
• Whether any further work is needed to assist a reconstruction.
• A plan for any work to be completed that is required to assist the reconstruction.
• An agreed reconstruction of the events relevant to the crime under investigation.
54
54. On some occasions it may be necessary to conduct a prompt, preliminary interview with a witness who possesses information or material that is likely to rapidly progress the investigation. State the types of information that could be obtained by an early preliminary interview.
ie. information that may lead to:
• early identification or arrest of a suspect
• recovery of evidence or information relevant to the offence
• prevention of the imminent disposal or destruction of evidence connected to the investigation
• prevention of the commission of other offences.
55
55. The actions of the first responding Police have a critical effect on an investigation and on the potential for gathering evidence. List the points in the general investigation model that should be applied in all cases.
```
Victim
Appreciation
Witnesses
Scene
Exhibits
Ingredients
Powers
Offender
```
56
56. The OC Exhibits must ensure that all exhibits are fully examined, in accordance with Forensic Strategy meeting decisions. The OC Exhibits maintains an awareness of the significance of each exhibit and what examinations may be available. The OC Exhibits will?
The OC Exhibits will determine, plan and record the examination and interrogation of every exhibit and establish its relevance to the investigation.
In smaller investigations the OC Exhibits (in conjunction with the OC Investigation) may also conduct an appreciation and facilitate a thorough interrogation of every exhibit, to establish the:
• evidential value of each exhibit
• investigative opportunities presented by each exhibit
• further enquiries that are needed.
57
57. The OC Suspects must investigate all suspects thoroughly in order of priority as decided in consultation with the OC investigation. What particular matters may influence the setting or priorities?
Aspects that might influence the setting of priorities are the relative weight of evidence against a person or the likelihood of their leaving the area. You may also be influenced by a particular urgency in solving the case or the availablity of staff. Suspects must be investigated in order of priority.
58
58. Actions Police should take on initial arrival to preserve the scene?
* Consider the best path into the scene.
* Record any movements/action taken in the scene
* Preserve what is there and leave it 'in situ'. Ensure nothing is touched or moved. The scene must be kept in its original state.
* If no immediate life is at risk, consider using stepping plates.
* Be prepared to take immediate action to preserve and/or record evidence that may change if nothing is done. For example, rain may damage a footprint or bloodstain.
59
59. What to update the O/C investigation on as O/C Exhibits?
* What exhibits have been found and their movements
* The results of any exhibit examinations
* Whether any further enquiries are required
60
60. As O/C exhibits attend all investigation team conferences and?
The OC Exhibits must attend all Forensic Strategy Meetings and investigation briefings to facilitate information sharing and where possible, take responsibility for maintaining liaison between OC investigation, 2IC, Crime Scene Co-Ordinator/OC Scene, ESR and other specialists.
Make the exhibits register available & update others regarding exhibits which have been found and the results of expert examinations conducted.
61
61. Arrange Forensic Strategy meetings in consultation with the OC Investigation. Ensure an appreciation is conducted to ensure?
A thorough interrogation of every exhibit, to establish the:
• evidential value of each exhibit
• investigative opportunities presented by each exhibit
• further enquiries that are needed.
62
62. The File Manager, where there is no logistics officer appointed, must liaise closely with the 2IC to establish the requirements for the Investigation Headquarters, including?
* location
* office support staff
* transport
* equipment
* communications
* ICT requirements.
63
63. When a witness is at court, what material may a witness use to refresh their memory prior to giving evidence?
At Court, request the witness refresh their memory by reading any previously signed statement(s) or interview transcript.
64
64. What are the purposes of a methodically conducted area canvass?
Often links exist between the scene of a crime and the offender, victim and witnesses. A methodically conducted area canvass therefore presents a high likelihood of identifying or contacting the offender, an associate of the offender, significant witnesses, identifying evidence or exhibits and establishing significant facts.
65
65. The file manager must assist the 2IC on a daily basis to carry out a number of duties. Describe these duties.
The file manager must assist the 2IC to prepare daily bulletins/sitreps, Police and special notices, organisational charts and daily rosters and ensuring these are well-displayed within the Investigation Headquarters, preferably on a notice board.
66
66. The exhibits register may take the form of an electronic document which forms the master record of every exhibit obtained during an investigation. What action can be taken to preserve the integrity of the exhibits register?
To protect the integrity of the electronic Exhibits Register, only the OC Exhibits and typist should have password access to make alterations to it, although every member of the investigation should be able to view it. An Exhibits Register template can be downloaded from the Serious Crime Template.
67
67. During an investigation into multiple suspects for a serious offence, what steps can investigators take to mitigate or eliminate the possibility of forensic cross contamination between the suspects?
Understanding cross-contamination: Where more than one suspect is involved, an appreciation must be made regarding which staff are assigned to seize clothing from suspects. It is vitally important officers involved are fully aware of cross contamination issues and where possible, separate officers should be assigned to each suspect. Suspects must be kept apart including during travel in vehicles and when in cells. All clothing should be packaged, labelled and sealed in accordance with standard procedures before transfer to OC Exhibits.
68
68. What is the first priority when conducting a risk assessment at the scene of a serious incident?
The first priority will always be to ensure the safety of the attending Police members.
69
69. What does the Crime Scene Log Record?
* name and designation
* authority to enter the scene
* purpose of the visit
* time of entry and time of exit.
70
70. What is the first job of OC Body?
* ensure death has been certified by a doctor or qualified paramedic using a Deceased Person Certificate (POL 265)
* maintain security and continuity of the body, samples and exhibits, from the scene to the commencement of the post-mortem examination
* secure and guard the body, body samples and any exhibits relating to the body, with dignity and respect
71
71. What map tools can help with an area canvass?
Obtain suitable street maps, aerial photographs
showing houses and the location of sections, geological information, local council records and other applicable references.
Maps of New Zealand, including aerial photographs, are available through Google Maps and the Quality Analysis tools managed on Analysts' Enterprise workstations.
72
72. What are the responsibilities of OC Suspects?
* obtaining information about suspects and persons of interest, as they are identified by the OC Investigation
* thoroughly profiling and investigating all suspects and persons of interest to enable the OC Investigation to establish their involvement in the offence or eliminate them from the inquiry
* seeking evidence to cover all ingredients of the offence(s)
* mitigating and dealing with possible defences that may be raised, where appropriate
* providing a basis for further investigation.
73
73. What three things does an exhibit need before it can be accepted by the OC exhibits for storage?
* The exhibit label contains the exhibit number and the name of the operation. Other details such as description of the item, the details of the person finding it, the time, date and location are recorded on the scene exhibit schedule.
* The property is correctly packaged and sealed and the exhibit label is visible and secure on the outside of the package.
* Any prompt action necessary to preserve the exhibit has been taken, for example drying wet or blood stained exhibits in an appropriate drying facility.
74
74. Which specialists can attend the post mortem?
* ESR scientist
* Police Photographer
* SOCO or fingerprint officer
75
75. What other circumstances could a homicide be reported as?
* Report of a missing person
* Sudden unexplained death of an infant
* Unexplained death
* Report of an abduction
* Report of violence where no fatalities are anticipated
* Crime scene without body present
* Hit and run vehicular collision
* Suicide
* Fatal fire
* Drug related deaths
76
76. What are the duties of an FLO as an investigator?
As an investigator, the FLO will normally be responsible for profiling the victim, preparing a family tree and gathering all relevant information from the family. This may include, in conjunction with the OC Body, taking statements to identify the victim.
77
77. Outline what should be in the plan for a Family Liaison.
* Selection of the FLO and criteria employed for the selection
* Exit plan for the FLO
* Objectives of the family liaison
* Assessing the most appropriate methods of conducting interviews with family member, including the use of specialist interviewers, where appropriate.
* Information to be released to and withheld from the family
* Requests made by the family which have not been agreed to, and the reasons for this
* Complaints made by the family and the OC Investigation’s actions to progress and resolve the issues raised
* Any member of the family who could be considered a suspect, to enable the OC Investigation to determine whether or not this is the case
* Liaison with Victim Support and other support services
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78. who is in charge of choosing which exhibits make it to trial?
Before the commencement of the trial, the OC Investigation (in conjunction with the OC Exhibits and other relevant investigation team members) must decide which exhibits are considered relevant, determine the significance of any forensic examinations and establish the most appropriate manner in which exhibits and examination results are to be presented at trial.
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79. What tools can an OC Area Canvass use to help them with the canvass?
The OC Area Canvass should seek to obtain suitable street maps, aerial photographs showing houses and the location of sections, geological information, local council records and other applicable references.
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80. What is the priority with the body prior to moving it from the scene?
The body must not be moved without specific authority from the OC Investigation.
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81. What must you tell your witnesses who are about to give evidence at court?
Ensure that witnesses do not:
• Have any contact or communication with jurors
• Discuss the case in public areas while waiting to give evidence
• Discuss the case with witnesses waiting after they have given evidence.
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82. What are the responsibilities of the disclosure manager?
* ensure all relevant and discoverable material is provided to defence counsel
* ensure all relevant and non-discoverable material is identified, listed and defence advised
* continually assess the risk to ensure that non-discoverable material is identified and not disclosed
* continually review to ensure that ongoing lawful justification to withhold exists for each document that is withheld
* ensure that robust auditable systems are employed to record disclosure decisions and actions (this includes compiling and maintaining the Disclosure Index)
* manage disclosure timeframes within the provisions of the Act, or as otherwise directed by the Courts
* retain and file all correspondence with defence counsel, both incoming and outgoing, in the 50000 series document category
* create a record in NIA of the fact of disclosure against the charge(s), and make a brief record of delivery of initial disclosure in NIA. Record in NIA that the Disclosure Index is held in the operation file and the location of that file - e.g. File Path Name
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83. What should you consider when dealing with a suspect (something to do with physically)
Consider the condition of the suspect, whether they are injured, under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or suffer from a medical or mental impairment or other special consideration.
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84. Upon the completion of a forensic strategy meeting, what do you do?
Following any Forensic Strategy meeting, the OC Exhibits must record on the Exhibits Register, all decisions taken about the types of examinations to be conducted and the priority allocated to the examination of each exhibit.
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85. What is the purpose of a forensic strategy meeting?
Developing a strategy for examination of exhibits allows the OC Exhibits to prioritise tasks in line with the direction of the investigation. The strategy must be approved by the OC Investigation and continually reviewed throughout the investigation to keep abreast of any developments.
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86. What can a pathologist tell you about bones?
When skeletal remains are found, a pathologist, with the assistance of a forensic anthropologist, can usually provide information such as:
Whether the remains are actually bones.
Whether the bones are human.
The age, gender, height and race of the person.
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87. What is the purpose of the PM other than establishing the cause of death?
The primary reason for conducting a post-mortem examination is to establish the cause of death. The pathologist’s findings will provide further information to drive the investigation which may include:
determining where possible, the mode and time of death
establishing how injuries and/or events at the scene may have contributed toward the death of the victim
determining the nature and size of any weapon(s) used
determining the approximate height and stature of the suspect
providing areas of interest for subsequent interviews of witnesses and/or suspects
negating possible defences
identifying the victim, if identity has not been established.
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88. What must be on a sudden death file?
The OC Body must prepare the Sudden Death (1S) file and submit as soon as possible, so that a coronial inquest can be opened. The file must include:
statement relating to the victim’s formal identification
copy of the Police form 47 (report for the coroner) or, in the case of a child under the age of 2 years, a Police form 47A (Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy)
copy of Deceased Person Certificate (Police form 265)
copy of Deceased Person Identification (Police form 265A).
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89. What other strategies can be used in an area canvass?
* Media
* Poster campaign
* Mail drop
* High profile police presence, using a caravan
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90. 25. What do you instruct your staff if you are OC Area Canvass and they come across an investigatively important witness?
When a person spoken to in the area canvass has relevant information to offer, the investigating member must:
• Arrange for them to provide a formal written statement which is provided to the 2IC
• Record on their part B form they have made a formal written statement and add a description of the person interviewed. This information is particularly helpful if there are indications the offender lives near the scene of the crim.
• Ensure the witness information is conveyed to the OC Area Canvass and 2IC Investigation as soon as practicable.
• Give the Part B form to the Area Canvass
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91. What is the purpose of the OC investigation, OC Area Canvass and OC Suspects returning to the scene?
The OC Investigation, OC Area Canvass and OC Suspects should attend the external/general scene as soon as practicable, to make a reconnaissance of the area and conduct an appreciation and set the parameters and objectives of the canvass. This will also provide a clear perspective of the area, when it is referred to subsequently in statements and/or briefings.
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92. What is the purpose of appreciations of an exhibit?
The OC Exhibits (in conjunction with the OC Investigation) may also conduct an appreciation and facilitate a thorough interrogation of every exhibit, to
establish the:
• evidential value of each exhibit
• investigative opportunities presented by each exhibit
• further enquiries that are needed.
