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OMM M1T2 E2 > Lumbar Biomechanics > Flashcards

Lumbar Biomechanics Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

If the lumbar spine is in neutral position, it follows….

A

Type I mechanics – opposite side

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2
Q

What is the exception to Fryette mechanics in the lumbar spine?

A

L5/S1

Must test in neutral, flexion, and extension

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3
Q

Which segment is the site of more spinal anomalies than anywhere else in the spinal column?

A

L5/S1

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4
Q

Trauma is most common at which segment?

A

L5/S1

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5
Q

What permits motion?

A

Bones and joints

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6
Q

What restrains motion?

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

What stabilizes motion?

A

Muscles

Fascia

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8
Q

The lumbar spine is designed for ______

A

Weight bearing

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9
Q

Approximately ___% of body weight rests on the lumbosacral disc?

A

40

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10
Q

Total flexion and extension: L1 on L2

A

9-16 degrees

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11
Q

Total flexion and extension: L2 on L3

A

11-18 degrees

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12
Q

Total flexion and extension: L3 on L4

A

12-18 degrees

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13
Q

Total flexion and extension: L4 on L5

A

14-21 degrees

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14
Q

Total flexion and extension: L5 on S1

A

18-22 degrees

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15
Q

Which segments have the largest rotational component?

A

L4 and L5: 3-4 degrees

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16
Q

What leads to premature disc degeneration?

A

Motion loss–impairs nutrition

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17
Q

T/F: Intervertebral discs are avascular

A

True (except for the periphery)

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18
Q

What percentage of lumbar length is comprised of intervertebral discs?

A

20%

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19
Q

When does disc degeneration begin?

A

Second decade in men

Third decade in women

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20
Q

By age 50, ___% of lumbar discs show degeneration

A

97

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21
Q

Where is the most common disc herniation?

A

L5/S1

followed by L4/L5

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22
Q

Why are lower discs predisposed to herniation?

A

The posterior longitudinal ligament reinforces the strength of the disc in the midline. This ligament becomes narrower and weaker as you descend the spine.

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23
Q

What protects the spinal cord in traumatic situations in which high loads are applied at fast speeds?

A

Ligaments

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24
Q

What are the forward bending check ligaments?

A

Supraspinous
Posterior longitudinal
Interspinous
Capsular

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25
What is the only kinetic ligament in the lumbar spine?
Ligamentum flavum
26
Yellow Packed with elastic fibers Purest form of elastic tissue in the human body In forward bending, it stores kinetic energy to assist the musculature in returning the spine to the upright posture
Ligamentum flavum
27
What are the sidebending check ligaments?
Intertransverse check ligaments
28
What are the rotational check ligaments?
Iliolumbar ligaments
29
Which ligaments are injured in the classic lumbosacral sprain and strain?
Iliolumbar | Intertransverse
30
Discs are usually injured by ____ injury
Rotational (not compressed!)
31
What is the backbending check ligament?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
32
Broad and flat | Reinforces the disc anteriorly
Anterior longitudinal ligament
33
What is anatomically critical to the maintenance of lumbar stability?
Thoracolumbar fascia
34
What helps keep thoracolumbar fascia taut?
Positive pressure in the abdomen
35
What causes instability in thoracolumbar fascia?
Weakness Hernias Incisions Pregnancy
36
T/F: The detailed patterns of lumbar muscles are virtually unknown.
True
37
What are the differences in short vs. long muscles of the lumbar spine?
Short: Involuntary Stabilize and balance the spine Long: Voluntary Movers of the spine
38
Which muscles cause and maintain segmental somatic dysfunction?
Deep paraspinal muscles These muscles respond to viscero-somatic and somato-somatic reflexes
39
What are the deep paraspinal muscles?
Intertransverse Interspinalis Rotatores brevis Rotatores longus
40
Which deep paraspinal muscle stabilizes sidebending?
Intertransverse
41
Which deep paraspinal muscle stabilizes extension?
Interspinalis
42
Which deep paraspinal muscles stabilize rotation?
Rotatores brevis and longus
43
Deep paraspinal muscles function as .....
Guy wires (angle upward)
44
Rotatores muscles rotate segments to which side?
Opposite side
45
Flexion of trunk is initiated by which muscle?
Rectus abdominus
46
After initiation of flexion, which muscles take over control?
Erector spinae
47
In full flexion, which muscles and ligaments are in control?
Muscles are at rest--this is a passive posture maintained by check ligaments and resistance to disc deformation
48
Extenders of the spine from lateral to medial
Iliocostalis lumborum Longissimus thoracis Spinalis thoracis Multifidus
49
When acting unilaterally, the extenders become _____
Sidebenders
50
When combined with the pull of the abdominal obliques, the extenders become _____
Rotators
51
Asthma and COPD tend to create flexed dysfunctions in which segments?
Upper lumbar segments L1-L3 | Right to L1-3, Left to L1 and 2
52
Flexed dysfunction of upper lumbar segments will result in which symptom?
Shortness of breath
53
Which muscle is silent while standing and active while sitting?
Psoas major
54
Shortening of which muscle results in increased lumbar lordosis?
Psoas major
55
Acute psoas spasm will sidebend the trunk in which direction?
Toward the side of the spasm
56
What is typically the net effect of psoas spasm?
Type II dysfunction Typically affecting L1, 2, or 3 Flexed Rotated and sidebent to same side
57
T/F: Extended dysfunctions tend to CAUSE psoas spasm, while flexed dysfunctions tend to be a RESULT of psoas spasm.
True
58
Chronic shoulder problems may be caused by which muscle?
Latissimus dorsi
59
Accessory muscle for forced exhalation
Serratus posterior inferior
60
L1 nerve roots are ____ mm long
60
61
S1 nerve roots are _____ mm long
170
62
Axons from S1 to final destination may exceed _____ in length
100 cm
63
Blood flow is reduced when a nerve root is stretched to ___% of its length; completely ceases when stretched to ____%.
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OMM M1T2 E2 (4 decks)

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