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APK > Lumbar, hip and pelvis > Flashcards

Lumbar, hip and pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

List the flexors of the hip

A

Psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus

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2
Q

List the extensors of the hip

A

Gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

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3
Q

List the Abductors of the hip

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor facia lata, sartorius, piriformis

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4
Q

List the adductors of the hip

A

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus

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5
Q

List the medial rotators of the hip

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

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6
Q

List the lateral rotators of the hip

A

Gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, obturator externus, sartorius

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7
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of psoas major

A

Origin: bodies of T12 and all lumbar vertebrae, baes of all transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, lumbar intervertebral discs
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Action: flexes hip and lumbar spine
Innervation: anterior rami of lumbar plexus (L1-L3)

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8
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of iliacus

A

Origin: superior two-thirds of iliac fossa, inner lip of iliac crest, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments
Insertion: blends with insertion of psoas major into lesser trochanter
Action: flexes hip and trunk
Innervation: femoral nerve

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9
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of rectus femoris

A

Origin: straight head- anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head- area above acetabulum, capsule of hip joint
Insertion: base of patella, then forms part of patellar ligament
Action: extends knee, flexes hip
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of pectineus

A

Origin: pectin pubic, iliopectineal eminence, pubic tubercle
Insertion: along a line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera
Action: flexes and adducts hip
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3), occasionally accessory obturator (L3)

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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus maximus

A

Origin: posterior gluteal line of ilium, posterior border of ilium and adjacent part of iliac crest, aponeurosis of erector spinae, posterior aspect of sacrum, side of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, gluteal aponeurosis
Insertion: iliotbial tract of fascia lata, gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action: extends, laterally rotates and abducts hip
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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12
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of semitendinosus

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: upper part of medial surface of tibia
Action: flexes knee, extends hip and medially rotates tibia on femur
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of semimembranosus

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle
Action: flexes knee, extends hip and medially rotates tibia on femur
Innervation: tibial divisions of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of biceps femoris

A

Origin: long head- ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament; short head- lower head of lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line of femur, lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: head of fibula, lateral tibial condyle
Action: flexes knee and extends hip, laterally rotates tibia on femur
Innervation: sciatic nerve (L5-S2). Long head- tibial division; short head- common peroneal division

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus medius

A

Origin: gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: anterolateral ridge on greater trochanter
Action: abducts and medially rotates hip
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of gluteus minimus

A

Origin: gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: anterolateral ridge on greater trochanter
Action: abducts and medially rotates hip
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor magnus

A

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis, conjoined ischial ramus, inferolateral aspect of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera, proximal part of medial supracondylar line
Action: adducts thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve and tibial of sciatic nerve (L2-L4)

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18
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor longus

A

Origin: front of pubis
Insertion: middle third of linea aspera
Action: adducts thigh
Innervation: anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor brevis

A

Origin: external aspect of body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: upper half of linea aspera
Action: adducts hip
Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3)

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of gracilis

A

Origin: lower half of body and inferior ramus of pubis, adjacent ischial ramus
Insertion: upper part of medial surface of tibia
Action: flexes knee, adducts hip, medially rotates tibia on femur
Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3)

21
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of tensor fascia lata

A

Origin: outer lip of iliac crest between iliac tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Action: extends knee, abducts and medially rotates hip
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of piriformis

A

Origin: base and medial side of lateral three toes
Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of same toes and dorsal digital expansions
Action: adduct third to fifth toes, flex metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of gemellus superior?

A

Origin: gluteal surface of ischial spine
Insertion: with obturator internus tendon into medial surface of greater trochanter
Action: laterally rotates hip
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)

24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of quadratus femoris?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: quadrate tubercle midway down intertrochanteric crest
Action: laterally rotates hip
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

25
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of obturator externus?

A

Origin: outer surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone of pubic and ischial rami
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
Action: laterally rotates hip
Innervation: posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3,L4)

26
Q

Explain the structure and function of the sacroiliac joint

A

’

27
Q

Explain the structure and function of the anterior sacroiliac ligament

A

The anterior sacroiliac ligament is broad and flat, consisting of numerous thin bands, lying on the pelvic side of the joint. It stretches from the ala and pelvic surface of the sacrum, above and below the pelvic brim, to the adjoining margin of the auricular surface of the ilium, the ligament is stronger in the female, indenting a pre-auricular groove on the ilium just below the pelvic brim.

28
Q

Explain the structure and function of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament

A

The deepest of all the posterior ligaments, being short, thick and extremely strong. It fills the narrow cleft between the rough areas on the bones immediately behind and above the auricular surfaces. Small accessory joint cavities, usually no more than one or two, may sometimes be found within the ligament between facets near the posterior superior iliac spine and the transverse tubercles of the sacrum

29
Q

Explain the structure and function of the long and short posterior sacroiliac ligaments

A

Superficial to the interosseous ligament, the posterior ligament consists of numerous bands passing between the two bones. In general the longer fibres of the posterior ligament run obliquely downwards and medially, However, within this arrangement two sets of fibres can usually be identified. The short posterior sacroiliac ligament is found in the upper part of the cleft between the two bones passing horizontally between the first and second transverse tubercles of the sacrum and the iliac tuberosity. They are disposed so as to resist forward movement if the sacral promontory. The long posterior sacroiliac ligament has the longest and most superficial fibres of the posterior complex. It runs almost vertically downwards from the posterior superior iliac spine to the third and fourth transverse tubercles of the sacrum. Its fibres are arranged so as to resist downward movement of the sacrum with respect to the ilium

30
Q

Explain the structure and function of the sacrotuberous ligament

A

A flat, triangular band of great strength. Superiorly it is attached to the posterior border of the ilium between the posterior superior and posterior inferior iliac spines, to the back and side of the sacrum below the auricular surface, and to the side of the upper part of the coccyx. From this extensive attachment the fibres pass downwards and laterally towards the ischial tuberosity, converging as they do so. However before attaching to the medial surface of the ischial tuberosity, the fibres twist upon themselves and diverge again so that the attachment is prolonged along the lower margin of the ischial ramus. This prolongation is known as the falciform process and lies just below the pudendal canal. This ligament as a whole is narrower in the middle than at either end.

31
Q

Explain the structure and function of the sacrospinous ligament

A

The triangular sacrospinous ligament lies deep to the sacrotuberous ligament. Its broad base is attached to the edge of the lower sacral and upper coccygeal segments in front of the sacrotuberous ligament. As the ligament passes laterally it narrows; the apex attached to the ischial spine. On the pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament and closely blended with it is coccygeus; in fact the ligament can be considered to be a fibrous part of the muscle

32
Q

Explain the structure and function of the iliolumbar ligament

A

’

33
Q

Explain the structure and function of the symphysis joint

A

;

34
Q

Explain the structure and function of the superior pubic ligament

A

This attaches to the pubic crests and tubercles of each side strengthening the anterosuperior aspect of the joint

35
Q

Explain the structure and function of the arcuate pubic ligament

A

Arches across between the inferior pubic rami, rounding off the subpubic angle and strengthening the joint inferiorly. Between this rather thick, ligamentous arch and the transverse perineal ligament of the urogenital diaphragm is a small gap through which passes the dorsal vein of the penis or clitoris to gain entry to the pelvis

36
Q

Explain the structure and function of the lumbrosacral joint

A

.

37
Q

Explain the structure and function of the lateral lumbosacral ligament

A

.

38
Q

Explain the structure and function of the sacrococcygeal joint

A

.

39
Q

Explain the structure and function of the sacrococcygeal ligaments

A

.

40
Q

Explain the structure and function of the hip joint

A

.

41
Q

Explain the structure and function of the iliofemoral ligament

A

Is very strong and of considerable thickness, being situated anterior to the joint. It is a triangular band with the apex attaching to the lower part of the anterior inferior iliac spine and the adjacent part of the acetabular rim, and the base to the intertrochanteric line. However, because the central part is thinner it is often referred to as being Y-shaped, with the stem corresponding to the apex and the two limbs to the base. The outer bands of the ligament attaching to the upper and lower parts of the intertrochanteric line are the strongest parts, with the central area being thinner and weaker.

42
Q

Explain the structure and function of the pubofemoral ligament

A

Strengthens the inferior and anterior aspects of the joint capsule. It runs from the iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line, blending with the inferior band of the iliofemoral ligament. Between the iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments the capsule is at its thinnest. However, it is crossed here by the tendon of iliopoas. Between the tendon and the capsule is the psoas bursa, which usually communicates with the joint cavity through a perforation in this part of the capsule

43
Q

Explain the structure and function of the ischiofemoral ligament

A

Spiral in shape but less well-defined than either the iliofemoral or pubofemoral ligaments. It arises from the body of the ischium behind and below the acetabulum, the fibres spiralling laterally and upwards to attach to the superior part of the neck and root of the greater trochanter. Some of the deeper fibres are continuous with the zone orbicularis.

44
Q

Explain the structure and function of the lumbar vertebrae

A

.

45
Q

Explain the structure and function of the ilium

A

.

46
Q

Explain the structure and function of the pubis

A

,

47
Q

Explain the structure and function of the ischium

A

.

48
Q

Explain the structure and function of the coccyx

A

..

APK (9 decks)

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