Lung Cancer

Question 1

which lung cancers are centrally located in the bronchi

Answer 1

small cell lung cancer

squamous cell lung cancer

Question 2

What is the cell type that leads to neoplastic changes in SCLC

Answer 2

APUD cells (endocrine )

–>ectopic ACTH secretion

Question 3

what is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma

Question 4

ectopic PTH secretion is associated with which lung cancer

Answer 4

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 5

carcinoid tumours arise from which type of cell

Answer 5

enterochromaffin cells

Question 6

what is pancoast tumour

Answer 6

lung tumour at the lung apex (at the top of the lungs)

Question 7

what signs/symptoms are associated with pancoast tumours

Answer 7

Horner syndrome (E-MAP)
enophthalmos
Miosis
anhidrosis
Ptosis

compression of the superior cervical outlet, compression of the brachial plexus

Question 8

superior vena cava obstruction is another complication of lung cancer. what are its clinical features

Answer 8

acute-onset dysponea
neck/face plethora and swelling
syncopy

Pemberton sign=raising both
hands above the patient’s head produces
facial congestion, cyanosis and transient
respiratory distress.

Question 9

Lung cancer investigations

Answer 9

PA CXR=coin lesions

CT contrast=TNM

Bronchoscopy

Question 10

management of NSCLC

Answer 10

surgery: stage 1 or 2

Radiotherapy: stage 1, 2,3

Chemotherapy: Stage 3,4 to improve survival and QoL

Question 11

management of SCLC

Answer 11

chemotherapy: 4/6 cycles of cisplatin-based chemo

offer concurrent radiotherapy

Question 12

Surgery contraindications in lung cancer

Answer 12

• Disseminated disease or malignant pleural
effusion
• FEV1 <1.5L
• Vocal cord paralysis or local infiltration
• SVCO