Lung Cancer Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is lung cancer?
Cancer of the lung tissue
List common symptoms of lung cancer.
- Persistent cough
- Dysponoea
- Chest pain
- Hoarseness
- SVC syndrome
- RED FLAGS: Haemoptysis, weight loss
What are the signs of lung cancer?
- Fixed, monophonic wheeze
- Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
- Persistent cervical lymphadenopathy
- Clubbing
What are the types of lung cancer?
1) Small cell lung cancer
2) Non-small cell lung cancer - Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
What percentage of lung cancer cases does Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) represent?
15%
What lung cancer has te wose prognosis ?
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
From which type of cells does Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) typically arise?
APUD cells
List some conditions associated with Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC).
- SIADH
- Cushing’s syndrome
- ACTH secretion
- Lambert-Eaton syndrome
Why can SCLC present with hyponatraemia?
Paraneoplasic syndrome causes SIADH –> Na excretion
What is the most common type of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)?
Adenocarcinoma
Which NSCLC is more common in smokers
Sqamous cell carcinoma
What is a common paraneoplastic syndrome seen in Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
High PTHrP causing hypercalcaemia
What is a common paraneoplastic syndrome seen in Adenocarcinoma?
- Gynaecomastia (beta-hCG)
- HPOA
What is the 2 week wait referral criteria for lung cancer?
Refer all to 2-week wait cancer pathway if:
* have CXR findings suspect on LC
* Aged 40+ w/ unexplained haemoptysis
What symptoms warrant an urgent CXR refferal for patients owith suspected LCa?
2 or more of the following symptoms unexplained and 40+:
* Smoker
* Cough
* Fatigue
* Shortness of breath
* Chest pain
* Weight loss
* Appetite loss
List conditions that may require urgent referral to CXR for patients aged 40 and above.
- Persistent or recurrent chest infection
- Finger clubbing
- Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
- Persistent cervical lymphadenopathy
- Chest signs consistent with lung cancer
- Thrombocytosis
What is the first-line investigation for lung cancer?
CXR
What is considered the gold standard imaging for lung cancer diagnosis?
CT
What type of biopsy is used for histological diagnosis in lung cancer?
Bronchoscopy
What is typically done in NSCLC to improve diagnostic sensitivity?
PET scanning
What is the usual status of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) at the time of diagnosis?
Usually metastatic
What treatment is considered for very early stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (T1-2a, N0, M0)?
Consider surgery
What are the treatment options for limited disease in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)?
Combination chemotherapy + radiotherapy
Often palliative - poor prognosis
What is the treatment approach for extensive disease in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)?
Palliative chemotherapy
