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LSS Respiratory System > lung cancer > Flashcards

Flashcards in lung cancer Deck (11)
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1
Q

what 4 things are done after detecting cancer

A

confirm diagnosis, determine histological type of tumour, determine tumour stage, molecular pathology

2
Q

4 cytology (cell) techniques to identify cells which may be cancerous

A

sputum, bronchial washings and brushings, pleural fluid, EBUS (endobronchial ultrasound and bronchoscopy)

3
Q

3 histology (stage - see if in situ) biopsy techniques

A

bronchoscopy (central); CT-guided biopsy through skin (peripheral); bone scan; PET scan; surgical (lymph node for staging)

4
Q

signs of lung cancer

A

haemoptysis (coughing up blood due to invasion of large/small vessels), unexplained/persistent: cough, chest/shoulder pain, chest signs, dysphagia and dyspnoea (bronchial obstruction from tumour - partial lung collapse), hoarsness, finger clubbing, weight loss (cancer uses glucose), chest infection (impaired bronchus drainage), Horner’s syndrome, superior vena cava syndrome

5
Q

describe finger clubbing

A

nail bed becomes more boggy and angle becomes more obtuse

6
Q

2 clinical objectives

A

establish diagnosis, establish staging

7
Q

use of FDG-PET-CT to establish diagnosis and staging

A

radio-labelled glucose actively taken up by rapidly dividing cancer cells - lung and lymph node tissue should not be taken up; used to see spread; additional collection required to confirm (e.g. sample lymph node)

8
Q

advantages of trans-thoracic CT biopsy (needle to lung tissue inserted under CT guidance)

A

real time, highly sensitive

9
Q

disadvantages of trans-thoracic CT biopsy

A

risk of pneumothorax, small sample size, in case of bleeding no immediate intrabronchial treatment possible

10
Q

scanning brain

A

MRI as PET monitors glucose and brain uses a lot of glucose in metabolism

11
Q

establishing treatment plan

A

multi-disciplinary team to determine best treatment plan (x-ray → CT, pulmonary, exercise tests)