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Pathology > Lung Infections > Flashcards

Lung Infections Flashcards

1
Q

etiologic agent?

A

strep pneumonia (gram +, lancet shaped diplococcus)

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2
Q

etiolgic agent?

A

h. influenza

pleomorphic gram - coccobacilli

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3
Q
A

m. catarrhalis

gram - diplococcus

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4
Q
A

staph aureus

gram - coccus

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5
Q
A

klebsiella pneumonia

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6
Q
A

pseudomonas aerguinosa

gram - rod

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7
Q

pseudomonas aerguinosa

  • causes what kind of pneumonia?
  • disproportionately effects what patients?
A
  • casuses
    • HAP - mostly
    • CAP - in CF / immunocompromised patients
  • effects neutropenic pts
  • invades blood vessels –> fulminant infection
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8
Q
  • etiologic agent
  • causes what respiratory tarct illness and has what distinguishing clinical features?
A
  • legionella pneumonia
    • is one cause of walking (atypical) pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia/SARS-Cov2 are top causes of walking pneumonia) and has other distinguishing features.
      • + CPK test
      • diarrhea (& ther GI disturbances)
      • bradycardia
      • hyponatremia
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9
Q

what is the most common cause of community aquired pneumonia in adults?

A

streptococcus pneumonia

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10
Q

what is the most common bacterial acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

H. influenza

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11
Q

who is at high risk for pneumonia due to

s .aureus pneumonia?

peudomonas pneumonia?

klebsiella pneumonia?

A
  • IV drug users
  • neutropenic / immunocompromised / CF / ventilators
  • alcoholics
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12
Q

what are the four stages of lobar pneumonia?

A
  • congestion
  • red hepatization
  • gray hepatization
  • resolution
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13
Q

“congestion” phase of lobar pneumonia

  • gross morphology
  • microscopic morphology
A
  • gross: lung is heavy, boggy, red
  • micro: vascuar engorgement
    • intraalveolar fluid has lots of bacteria > few neutrophils
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14
Q

“red hepatization” phase of lobar pneumonia

  • gross
  • microscopic
A
  • gross: lobes are very red, firm, AIRLESS - “liver like consistency”
  • microscopic: alveolar spaces with MANY neutrophils + erythrocytes + fibrin
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15
Q

“gray hepatization” phase of lobar pneumonia

  • gross appearance
  • microscopic appearance
A
  • gross: lobe still airless, becomes grey/brown
  • microscopic: persistently fibrinosuppratative (i.e, neutrophils + fibrin stay HIGH, with DISTINTIGRATION of erythrocytes
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16
Q

“resolution” phase of lobar pneumonia

  • gross appearance
  • microscopic appearance
A
  • gross - n/a
  • microscopic - granular, semifluid debris that are ingested by macrophages then organized by fibroblasts into fibroblast plugs
17
Q

lobar vs bronchopneumonia

A
  • bronchopneumonia - patchy consolidation
  • lobar pneumonia - consolidation to one lobe/large part of a lobe
18
Q

morphology of viral pneumonia

what about covid 19 specifically?

A
  • viral = damage confined to the alveolar wall
    • congestion (edmea)
    • hyaline membranes ​
  • covid 19: damage to hyaline membranes + Type I pnuemocytes
19
Q

chronic pneumonia

  • demographics
  • etiologic agents
A
  • demographics - immunocompromised host
  • etiologic agents:
    • mycoplasma pneumonia (m/c)
    • fungi - histoplasosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis
20
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis - gross morphology

A

(chronic pneumonia)

  • two presentations:
    • primary TB (previously unsensitized person)
      • gohn complexes (calficications)
      • caseating necrosis of hilar lymph nodes
    • secondary TB:
      • classically involves apex of upper lobes
        • ​can have cavitations
21
Q

mycobacterium tuberulosis

microsopic morphology

A

granuloma with central caseation surrounded by epitheloid histiocytes + multinuceated giant cells

22
Q

dx of tuberculosis?

A

ziehl- neelsen stain for AFG - m. tuberculosis rods will stain deep red (acid fast)

23
Q

histiopalsmosis pneumonia

  • demographics
  • presentation
  • morphology - gross and microscopic
A
  • only effects immunocompromised
    • clinical presentation = asymptomatic in immunocopmetent host
  • morphology:
    • gross: granulomas with conentric calcifications - “tree bark” appearance
    • microscopic: necrotizing + non-necrotizing granulomas
24
Q

histoplasmosis pnuemonia dx

A
  • stain black wth GMS
    • monomorphic / oval
    • NOT encapsulated
    • have narrow based buds
25
Q

blastomycosis

  • demographics
  • presentation
  • morphology
    • gross and microscopic
A
  • effects BOTH immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients
  • morphology
    • microscopic:
      • suppurative granulomas with many neutrophils
26
Q

blastomyocisis pnueumonia - dx

A
  • yeasts are
    • pleomorphic
    • round
    • hav thick, refractile cel swalls
    • NOT encapsulated
    • produce broud-based buds
      • b = blastomyocis

Pathology (8 decks)

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