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Lungs Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments aerated by the

A

Tertiary segmental bronchi

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2
Q

Pulmonary venule in bronchopulmonary segment is seen in

A

Intersegmental plane

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3
Q

Apex and base of bronchopulmomary segment directed towards

A

Hilum and surface

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4
Q

Segments of lung surrounded by what type of tissue

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

Well defined surgical functional and anatomical units of lungs

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

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6
Q

Number of pulmonary segments

A

10

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7
Q

Segments of superior lobe of right lung

A

Apical posterior anterior

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8
Q

Difficulty of breathing is also known as

A

Dyspnea

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9
Q

What can relieve bronchial asthma

A

Sympathomimetic drugs

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10
Q

Permanently dilated pulmonary bronchi and bronchioles as a result of chronic necrotising infection

A

Bronchiectasis

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11
Q

What segment becomes filled with pus leading to airway obstruction in bronchiectasis

A

Basal segments of lower lobe

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12
Q

Why is sympathomimetic drugs such as epinephrine used to treat bronchial asthma

A

Vasodilation

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13
Q

Atelectasis meaning

A

Collapse of complete or partial lung

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nerve figures to lungs derived from

A

Vagus nerve

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15
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply to lungs derived from

A

T2 to T5

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16
Q

What does the parasympathetic and sympathetic fibre supply to the lungs

A

Motor supply to bronchial muscles and secretomotor supply to mucous glands of the bronchial tree

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17
Q

Sympathetic fibre function in lung

A

Bronchodilator , vasoconstriction, decreased mucous secretion

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18
Q

What occurs due to bronchospasm

A

Bronchial asthma

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19
Q

Lung cancer spreads by

A

Lymphatic drainage

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20
Q

What does the superficial lymph vessels drain

A

Peripheral lung tissue beneath the visceral pleura

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21
Q

The superficial lymph vessels of lung drain into

A

The Bronchopulmonary (hilar )lymph nodes .
Vessels from the plexus pass around the borders and margins of fissure of lung to reach the hilum where they drain into it

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22
Q

What does the deep lymph vessels drain

A

Bronchial tree , pulmonary vessels , connective tissue septa

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23
Q

Sub pleural plexus is another name of

A

Superficial plexus

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24
Q

The pathway of the deep plexus

A

Run along the bronchi and pulmonary vessels towards the hilum passing through pulmonary lymph nodes (located within the lung substance ) and finally drain into the bronchopulmonary (hilar) lymph nodes

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25
What the final drain of the lymphatic system of the lungs
Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct (left)
26
The route of lymphatic system from hilar lymph nodes to
Hilar -> superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes ->pre and para tracheal lymph nodes ,right left bronchomediastinal lymph trunk -> right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
27
Tracheobronchial lymph node located at
At hilum / superior and inferior to bifurcation of the trachea
28
Principal bronchi attaches lungs to
Trachea
29
The lungs are solid and do not crepitate in who and why
Foetus and stillborn children , due to absence of air in their alveoli
30
Three borders of the lung
Anterior , posterior , inferior
31
Which is thinner out of the margins
Anterior margin
32
Apex of the lungs is covered by
Cervical and supra-pleural membrane
33
Relations of apex of lungs
Anteriorly - subclavian artery , internal thoracic artery , scalenus anterior Posteriorly - neck of 1st rib and structures in front of it , ventral ramus of first thoracic nerve , first posterior intercostal artery &vein ,sympathetic chain
34
Apex is grooved by what on the medial side and front
Subclavian artery
35
All structures related to the apex is separated from it by
Supra pleural membrane
36
Pain along medial side of forearm and hand , wasting Of small muscles of hand due to involvement of Ventural ramus. T1 Erosion of first rib Horners syndrome , sympathetic chain involvement
Pancoast syndrome , occurs due to involvement of posterior aspect of apex
37
Cancer of lung may spread to involve the following structures
Subclavian or brachiocephalic vein Subclavian artery Phrenic nerve
38
Symptoms of cancer of lung spread
Venous engorgement and edema of neck ,face , arm (subclavian ) Diminished brachial and/or radial pulse (subclavian artery compression ) Hemidiaphragm paralysis ,due to infiltration of phrenic nerve
39
Relations of the base of the lung
Right side - liver separation by the dome of diaphragm Left side - left dome separates from spleen and fungus
40
Why is the base of the right lung deeper ( more concave )
Presence of liver , right dome rises to the more superior level
41
What are the borders of the lungs
Inferior - semilunar shape and separates the costal and medical surfaces Anterior -thin and shorter than the posterior border Vertical in right lung , cardiac notch in left lung Posterior - thick and rounded , extends from spine of C7 vertebra to the spine of T10 vertebra
42
Area of superficial cardiac dullness can be found
Cardiac notch , where heart and pericardium is uncovered by the lung
43
Where is the tongue shaped projection called lingual found
Below the cardiac notch
44
Arrangement of structures in the root of the lung from before backwards
Pulmonary vein , artery and bronchus (left principal bronchus on left side , partial and hyper partial bronchus on the right side ) VAB
45
Arrangement of structures in the root of lungs from above downwards
Right side - eparterial bronchus Pulmonary artery Hyparterial bronchus Inferior pulmonary vein Left side - pulmonary artery Left principal bronchus Inferior pulmonary vein
46
Which principal bronchus divides into two lobar bronchi before entering the hilum and name the branches
Right principal bronchus , Upper lobar bronchus /eparterial bronchus Lower /hyparterial bronchus
47
The costal surface is covered by what
Costal pleura and endothoracic fascia
48
Relations of the costal surface
Related to the lateral thoracic wall. Number of ribs -upper 6ribs in midclavicualr line Upper 8ribs in midaxillary line Upper 10 ribs in scapular line
49
Divisions of the medial surface of the lung
Small posterior vertebral part Large anterior mediastinal part
50
Relations of the medial surface of the lung
Vertebral part to vertebral colum , Posterior intercostal vessels Greater and lesser splanchic nerves
51
Structures forming the right surface of the mediastinum
Right atrium Superior vena cava and right brachiocephalic vein Behind these are trachea and esophagus The azygos vein Three neural structures
52
What is the course of azygos vein
Runs upwards along th side of the vertebra, colum and arches over the roof of right lung to terminate into the superior vena cava
53
What are the three neural structures in the right surface of mediastinum
Right phrenic nerve Right vagus nerve Right sympathetic nerve
54
The course of the phrenic nerve in front of the root of the lung
Run to the diaphragm Passing through 3 venous structures (superior vena cava {uppermost'}, right atrium and inferior vena cava )
55
The vagus nerve in the right lung
Lies right side of the trachea ,and travels behind the lung root . Here is breaks up into branches to take part posterior pulmonary and esophageal plexus
56
The course of the sympathetic trunk
Runs in the para vertebral gutter . Splanchnic nerves leave in the lower half , run medically and pierce the crurq of diaphragm to reach abdomen
57
Structures forming left surface of the mediastinum
Left ventricle Aorta Three great vessels (brachiocephalic trunk , left common carotid artery , leftsubclavian artery ) Esophagus shifts to left behind the heart ,gently crosses the line of descending aorta Three neural structure - left phrenic , vagus sympathetic , left recurrent pharyngeal nerve
58
Course of the three great vessels in the left mediastinal surface
Arises from the aortic arch , ascend up to reach the root of the neck
59
What are the three great vessels in the left mediastinal space
Left common carotid artery , left subclavian vein , brachiocephalic trunk
60
The fourth neural structure on the left mediastinum.
Left recurrent pharyngeal nerve
61
The thoracic duct is found on the surface of which lung
Left lung
62
The chamber of the heart in each mediastinal surface
Right -right atrium Left -left ventricle
63
Layer of pleura insensitive to pain
Visceral pleura
64
Pleura layer that develops from somatopleuric mesoderm and inner aged by somatic nerves
Parietal pluperfect
65
The nerves that supply the parietal pleura
Costal and peripheral part of diaphragmatic pleura by intercostal nerves Mediastinal and central of diaphragmatic pleura by phrenic nerve Somatic nerves

Thorax (3 decks)

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