Lungs

Question 1

Where does the trachea start?

Answer 1

C6

Question 2

What surrounds the trachea?

Answer 2

Cricoid cartilage

signifies the end of the larynx

Question 3

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 3

sternal angle

Question 4

What does the trachea bifurcate into?

Answer 4

Left Primary Bronchi

Right Primary Bronchi

Question 5

Left Primary Bronchi

Answer 5

Long
Thinner
Horizontally directed

Question 6

Right Primary Bronchi

Answer 6

Shorter
Wider
Vertically directed
Particles stuck in trachea will go towards the right due to its orientation

Question 7

Carina

Answer 7

Ridge that divides the 2 primary bronchi

Located internally

Question 8

What is the Carina innervated with?

Answer 8

irritant receptors to cause a cough reflex which will close the rima glottidis

Question 9

Order of branching for the bronchi

Answer 9

Trachea- R. and L. primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - secondary branches - segmental/3rd order branches

Question 10

How many secondary branches are on the left and right side?

Answer 10

Right has 3 branches

Left has 2 branches

Question 11

How many segmental branches are on each side?

Answer 11

Each side has 10 segmental branches
Have an apex off the secondary branches
each has its own blood supply, nerve, and lymphatics

Question 12

What surrounds each segmental branch and why?

Answer 12

Enclosed in a connective tissue

This protects the lung and can wall off certain sections that are infected

Question 13

Blood supply to Bronchi

Answer 13

Right and left bronchial arteries

Question 14

Blood supply around Trachea

Answer 14

Vein- Azygos arch with 2 branches

Artery- Aortic arch

Question 15

Azygos system

Answer 15

Azygos arch: off the superior vena cava

Becomes the azygos vein which branches to the left as the hemiazygos vein

Question 16

What does the aorta become?

Answer 16

Descending aorta changes names for cavity it’s located within
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta

Question 17

What nerves are located around the trachea?

Answer 17

Vagus plexus
Right pulmonary plexus on right pulmonary bronchus
Left and Right recurrent layrngeal

Question 18

Right Lung Lobes

Answer 18

3 lobes

1. upper/superior
2. Middle- separated from upper by oblique fissure
3. Lower/inferior- separated by horizontal fissure

Question 19

Left lung lobes

Answer 19

2 lobes

1. upper/superior
2. lower/ inferior- separated by oblique fissure

Question 20

Cervical Surface of the Lung

Answer 20

Apex of the lung (superior)

Question 21

Costal Surface of the Lung

Answer 21

Faces the ribs (anterior)

Question 22

Mediastinal Surface of the Lung

Answer 22

Faces the mediastinum

Question 23

Diaphragmatic Surface of the Lung

Answer 23

base (inferior)

sits on top of the diaphragm

Question 24

Hilum of the Lung

Answer 24

pit where blood vessels and bronchi enter

Question 25

Where is the cardiac notch?

Answer 25

left lung | where the heart imprints

Question 26

Pulmonary artery

Answer 26

Thicker than the vein b/c it's under pressure from the heart Carries deoxygenated blood

Question 27

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 27

Carries oxygenated blood | Sits inferior to other structures at the hilum

Question 28

Bronchi

Answer 28

Thickest and have cartilage | Sit mid-root

Question 29

Pulmonary Ligament

Answer 29

When visceral pleura becomes parietal pleura

Question 30

Pulmonary plexus contents

Answer 30

1. vagus 2. sympathetic branches 3. visceral afferents 4. Anterior and Posterior plexi related to carina

Question 31

Vagus roll

Answer 31

controls parasympathetics 1. secretomotor fibers to secrete mucus to catch irritants and cough/swallow irritants out 2. bronchial constriction and vessel dilation

Question 32

Sympathetic branches roll

Answer 32

Cause bronchial dilation and blood vessel constriction | allows more oxygen to get to the blood

Question 33

Parts of Parietal Pleura Innervation

Answer 33

1. costal and cervical pleura- intercostal nerves 2. Mediastinal Pleura and Diaphragmatic Pleura- phrenic nerve 3. Peripheral Part of Diaphragmatic Pleura- local intercostal nerves

Question 34

Visceral Pleura Innervation

Answer 34

Insensitive to pain and pressure

Question 35

Do alveoli have lymphatics?

Answer 35

No

Question 36

Deep Lymphatics Order of Drainage

Answer 36

Deep Lymphatic Plexus 1. Pulmonary 2. Bronchopulmonary 3. Superior/ Inferior Bronchial Nodes 4. Bronchialmediastinal 5. Right lymphatic trunk 6. Left Thoracic Duct

Question 37

Bronchopulmonary Nodes

Answer 37

Deep Lymphatic Plexus Also called the hilar nodes Where the bronchi enter the lung

Question 38

Superior/ Inferior Bronchial Nodes

Answer 38

Deep Lymphatic Plexus Also called Carinal Nodes Where the trachea bifurcates Allow the spreading of cancer to the other lung

Question 39

Bronchialmediastinal Lymph Trunk

Answer 39

Deep Lymphatic Plexus | Formed from many vessels

Question 40

Right Lymphatic Duct

Answer 40

Deep Lymphatic Plexus | smaller most drain to the left thoracic duct

Question 41

Left Thoracic Duct

Answer 41

Deep Lymphatic Plexus Larger duct Does 2/3 of the drainage Takes it up to the left subclavian onto the left internal jugular vein