Flashcards in Lungs Deck (32):
1
Trachea
Begins at C6
C shaped cartilages, open posteriorly
Ends at sternal angle and then branches at T4/T5 level
2
Right Primary Bronchus
Wider, shorter, more vertical
2.5cm long
Azygos vein branches over it
3
Left Primary Bronchus
Passes inferolaterally, inferior to the aortic arch, anterior to the esophagus and descending aorta
5cm long
4
Carina
Heavily innervated
Also a lot of lymph nodes here
A keel like ridge located btw the orifices of primary bronchi internally
5
Right Lung - Lobes and Fissures
Upper, Middle, Lower lobes
Oblique and Horizontal Fissures
6
Left Lung - Lobes and Fissures
Upper and Lower lobes
Oblique FIssure
Lingula = Projection of upper lobe
7
Surfaces
Cervical (apex)
Costal (ribs)
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic (base)
8
Borders
Anterior
Posterior (rounded - sits with vertebrae)
Inferior (rim around diaphragmatic surface)
9
Root of the lung structures
Pulmonary arteries and veins
Bronchus
Bonchial arteries and veins
Nerves
Lymphatics
10
Pulmonary Ligament
Forms by the reflection of parietal pleura as it becomes visceral pleura
11
Hilum of the lung
A depression or pt at the part of the organ where the vessels and nerves enter
12
Respiratory Tree
Primary Bronchus
Secondary Bronchus
Segmental Bronchi
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveolar Sacs
13
Bronchopulmonary Segments
Surgical unit of lung
Pyramidal in shape, base = peripheral, apex = hilum
Separated by avascular septa
Has own artery, bronchus, and vein which allows for walling off to not harm the entire lung
14
Pleura
Double layered serous membrane with capillary layer of serous fluid
Reduces friction btw pariteal layers
15
Visceral Pleura
Inner layer of membrane
Remains closely attached to the lung and moves with it
Cannot be separated
16
Innervation of Visceral Pleura
Subconscious, visceral, autonomic
17
Parietal pleura
Outer layer of membrane
Stays attached to internal surface of the thoracic wall by endothoracic fascia
Named as it related to surface it is in contact with
18
Parietal Pleura Innervation
Somatic conscious innervation from thoracic wall - intercostal nerves
19
Cervical Surface
Suface emerging through thoracic inlet
20
Costal Surface
Surface in contact with the ribs
21
Mediastinal Surface
Surface in contact with mediastinal structures
22
Diaphragmatic Surface
Surface in contact with the domes of the diaphragm
23
Pleural Cavity
Space btw the two pleural membranes
24
Pleural reflections
A specific pleural surface becomes another pleural surface
These reflections form recesses that are potential spaces within pleural cavity that can be filled with fluid
25
Recesses
Costodiaphragmatic Recess
Costomediastinal Recess
26
Nerve Supply to Lungs
Parietal Plexus
Anterior and posterior plexi - related to carina
27
Lung Innervation - Symp
Vasoconstriction and bronchodilators
28
Lung Innervation - Para
Vasodilators and bronchoconstrictors
Secretomotor and afferents
Cough reflex (located around carina)
Respiratory control (stretch receptors in bronchial tree)
Touch and pain located in respiratory epithelium
29
Nerve Suppl to Parietal Pleura - Specifically
Costal and Cervical PLeura = local intercostal nerves
Mediastinal pleura = phrenic nerve
Diaphragmatic pleura = central part (phrenic) peripheral part (local intercostal nerves)
30
Nerve Supply to Visceral PLeura - Specifically
Insensitive to pain and pressure
31
Superficial Lymphatic Plexus
Lies deep to visceral pleura
Draining lung and visceral pleura
Vessels drain into superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
32