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Anatomy Unit One > Lungs and Base of the Neck > Flashcards

Lungs and Base of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

each lung is surrounded by

A

pleural sacs

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2
Q

this pleura covers the surface of the lung and extends into its fissures

A

visceral pleura

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3
Q

this lines the inner wall of the thoracic cavity, diaphragm and mediastinum

A

parietal pleura

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4
Q

exit and entry point of the lung

A

hilus

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5
Q

what are the parts of the parietal pleura? what do they line?

A

cervical- lines the root or base of the neck
mediastinal- lines the mediastinum
costal- lines the ribs
diaphragmatic- lines the diaphragm

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6
Q

what is it called when the visceral and parietal pleural are not in direct contact

A

pleural recess

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7
Q

why is there a pleural recess?

A

to accomodate expansion of the lungs; they are also potential spaces

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8
Q

the costalmediastinal recess is larger on the? why?

A

Left

because the projection of the heart

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9
Q

air in the pleural cavity

A

pneumothorax

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10
Q

excess fluid in pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

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11
Q

procedure where a needle is inserted through an intercostal space to obtain a sample of fluid or or drain fluid in pleural cavity

A

thoracentesis

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12
Q

where is fluid removed during a thoracentesis?

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

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13
Q

where is the needle inserted during thoracentesis?

A

needle/drain is inserted above the rib to avoid the intercostal neuromuscular bundle that runs along the inferior groove of each rib

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14
Q

What structures are on the left lung? what type of fissure?

A

upper and lower lobes that is divided by an oblique fissure; the left lung has a cardiac notch and lingula

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15
Q

What structures are on the right lung? what type of fissure?

A

upper, middle and lower lobes divided by a horizontal lobe (between upper and middle) and oblique fissure (between middle and lower)

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16
Q

the trachea bifurcates or splits at the

A

carina

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17
Q

at the carina the trachea birfurcates into the

A

primary bronchi

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18
Q

the secondary bronchi are responsible for providing?

A

air to each lobe of the lung

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19
Q

how many secondary bronchi are in the left lung

A

2

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20
Q

one tertiary bronchus provide

A

air to one bronchopulmonary segment

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21
Q

how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung

A

3

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22
Q

which side of the lung has a straighter primary bronchus

A

right

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23
Q

aspirated objects will typically be lodged in?

A

the lower lobe of the right lung

24
Q

what do the pulmonary arteries carry?

A

they carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk into the left and right pulmonary arteries

25
Q

because they follow the same branching pattern as bronchi to the segments, we call pulmonary arteries?

A

intrasegmental

26
Q

pulmonary veins run in between segments and collect blood from all the segments they run between. this is called?

A

intersegmental

27
Q

what structures are located at the hilum

A 
pulmonary bronchus
pulmonary artery 
pulmonary vein
hilar lymph nodes 
bronchial arteries
28
Q

why are there hilar lymph nodes?

A

Lymph nodes help to filter out the junk that we breathe in our lungs

29
Q

bronchial arteries supply?

A

lung parenchyma with oxygenated blood

30
Q

what is a primary respiratory muscle?

A

thoracoadbodminal diaphragm

31
Q

the thoracoabdominal diaphragm is innervated by?

A

the phrenic nerve

32
Q

what fibers are contained in the thoracoabdominal diaphragm?

A

it contains the sensory, somatomotor, sympathetic fibers

33
Q

what is it when the diaphragm contracts/flattens, increases in thoracic volume, decreases in thoracic pressure and air fills the lung

A

inspiration

34
Q

what is it when the diaphragm relaxes/ dome shaped, decreases thoracic volume, increases thoracic pressure and air is expelled from the lungs

A

expiration

35
Q

What type of fibers are in the phrenic nerve

A

somatomotor, somatosensory, sympathetic

36
Q

what sensory information does the phrenic nerve carry

A

diaphragm muscle
diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura
pericardium

37
Q

what do we call the tissue filled space between the lungs

A

mediastinum

38
Q

what are the three parts of the inferior mediastinum? what structures do they have

A

anterior mediastinum= thymus
middle mediastinum= heart and pericardial sac
posterior mediastinum= many structures

39
Q

what are the six layers of the superior mediastinum? What structures are included in these layers?

A
  1. remnants of the thymus (immune system)
  2. veins- right and left brachiocephalic veins
  3. arteries- aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian artery
  4. nerves- phrenic nerves and vagus nerve
  5. respiratory system- trachea
  6. digestive system- esophagus
40
Q

what forms the right brachiocephalic vein

A

the right internal jugular and right subclavian vein

41
Q

what comes together and forms the superior vena cava

A

right and left brachiocephalic vein

42
Q

the brachiocephalic artery branches into

A

the right common carotid and right subclavian

43
Q

three structures branch off of the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian

44
Q

the sublavian artery is a branch of what on the right side?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

45
Q

the sublavian artery is a branch of what on the left side?

A

aortic arch

46
Q

coming off both the right and left subclavian arteries- the first branch is? what does it supply

A

the vertebral artery, supply collateral circulation to the brain

47
Q

the second branch coming off the the left and right subclavian arteries is?

A

the internal thoracic artery

48
Q

which nerve branches from the brainstem

A

vagus nerve

49
Q

what are the two different branches of the vagus nerve? what do they innervate

A

superior laryngeal nerves and recurrent/inferior laryngeal nerves; innervate the larynx

50
Q

which recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the brachiocephalic artery

A

right

51
Q

which recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the ligamentum arteriosum (connection from the aortic arch to the pulmonary trunk) ?

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

52
Q

pathology in the thorax can affect this nerve

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

53
Q

the phrenic nerve innervates

A

blood vessels within the diaphragm

54
Q

what is a parietal pleura recess?

A

where parietal pleura reflects sharply back upon itself

55
Q

sternal angle is located at what rib structure

A

2

56
Q

decreasing intrathoracic pressure facilitates?

A

venous return from the abdomen to the heart

57
Q

what is the primary muscle used in quiet (non-forced) respiration

A

thoracoabdominal diaphragm

Anatomy Unit One (11 decks)

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