lungs and respiratory

Question 1

oxygenation

Answer 1

the process that facilitates and impair oxygen: breathing, blood flow (hemoglobin)

Question 2

why is adequate perfusion necessary

Answer 2

deliver oxygenated blood to tissues

remove metabolic waste

Question 3

what is needed to support brain

Answer 3

adequate oxygenation

Question 4

what does the respiratory system do

Answer 4

supply oxygen to cells

removes carbon dioxide using ventilation

Question 5

ventilation

Answer 5

process of moving gases in and out of the lungs by inspiration and expiration

Question 6

lower airway consists of

Answer 6

trachea

right and left main stem bronchi

Question 7

pleural cavities

Answer 7

contain lungs
lined with two types of serous membranes:
- parietal pleura
- visceral pleura

Question 8

what are chest wall and diaphragm protected by

Answer 8

parietal, pleura lines the inside of the rib cage and the diaphragm while the inner, visceral or pulmonary, layer covers the lungs.

Question 9

what does the nurse describe when assessing respiratory system?

Answer 9

• lung sounds
• effort of pt. to breathe
• appearance of the chest wall
• status of the airways

Question 10

what vital signs will nurse assess

Answer 10

• oxygen saturation
• respiratory rate
  
  • rate, depth, rhythm

Question 11

where is cyanosis noted?

Answer 11

lips
gums
nailbeds

Question 12

range of normal oxygen stat

Answer 12

95% to 100%

Question 13

range of oxygen stat in chronic lung disease

Answer 13

might tolerate a level as low as 85%

Question 14

expected range of respiratory rate

Answer 14

12 to 20

Question 15

rate

Answer 15

number of full inspirations and expirations in 1 min

Question 16

depth

Answer 16

amount of chest wall expansions that occur with each breath

- abnormal are deep and shallow

Question 17

rhythm

Answer 17

observation of breathing intervals

Question 18

bradypnea

Answer 18

regular breathing pattern with a rate less than 12/min

Question 19

tachypnea

Answer 19

regular breathing pattern with a rate greater than 20/min

Question 20

hyperventilation

Answer 20

deep breathing pattern with an increased rate

Question 21

hypoventilation

Answer 21

shallow breathing pattern with an abnormally low rate

Question 22

apena

Answer 22

periods where there is no breathing

Question 23

primary muscles for inspiration

Answer 23

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 24

what do accessory muscles contribute to

Answer 24

respiratory effort

Question 25

midsternal line

Answer 25

through the center of the sternum

Question 26

midclavicular line

Answer 26

through the midpoint of the clavicle

Question 27

midaxillary line

Answer 27

through the apex of the axilliae (shoulder blades)

Question 28

vertebral line

Answer 28

along the center of the spine

Question 29

anterior axillary

Answer 29

imaginary vertical lines on right and left side of chest, parallel to midsternal line

Question 30

posterior axillary

Answer 30

imaginary vertical lines on right and left sides of chest from axillary folds

Question 31

how many lobes does right lung have

Answer 31

3

Question 32

how many lobes does left lung have

Answer 32

2

Question 33

maximize sounds by:

Answer 33

- take deep breaths with an open mouth each time you move the stethoscope - place diaphragm stethoscope directly on the skin to prevent muffling or distortion of sounds - medicating pain - give clear directions - sitting position

Question 34

high fowlers

Answer 34

sitting up 45 degree angle

Question 35

when does a pt. have a harder time breathing

Answer 35

laying down

Question 36

vesicular lung sounds

Answer 36

- normal breathing sounds - heard over most lung fields - soft, low pitched, breezy sounds like air going through trees - inspiration 3 times longer than expiration over most of the peripheral areas of lungs

Question 37

inspiration 3 times longer than expiration over most of the peripheral areas of lungs

Answer 37

vesicular lung sounds

Question 38

bronchial

Answer 38

- loud high pitch lung sounds - hallow quality - exhaling is longer than inhaling and heard over the trachea

Question 39

exhaling is longer than inhaling and heard over the trachea

Answer 39

bronchial

Question 40

bronchovesicular

Answer 40

- medium pitch | - blowing sounds and intensity with equal inspiration and expiration times over the larger airways

Question 41

blowing sounds and intensity with equal inspiration and expiration times over the larger airways

Answer 41

bronchovesicular

Question 42

crackles or rales

Answer 42

fine to coarse bubbly sounds caused by fluid

Question 43

wheezes

Answer 43

high pitch whistling, musical sounds as air passes through narrowed or obstructed airways, usually louder on the expiration

Question 44

rhonchi

Answer 44

coarse, loud, low-pitched rumbling sounds, during either inspiration or expiration from fluid or mucous, can clear with coughing

Question 45

stridor

Answer 45

high pitched sound in the upper airway

Question 46

pleural friction rub

Answer 46

dry, grating, or rubbing sound as the inflamed visceral and parietal pleural rub against each other during inspiration or expiration

Question 47

absence of breath sounds

Answer 47

collapsed or surgically remove lobes

Question 48

atelectasis

Answer 48

collapsed alveoli - diminished or absent breath sounds - oxygen saturation may decrease to less than 90%

Question 49

incentive spirometer

Answer 49

used to re-expand the lungs and improve atelectasis

Question 50

general problem of lung

Answer 50

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