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Fall- PE Exam > Lungs & Thorax > Flashcards

Lungs & Thorax Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the costal angle?

A

??

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2
Q

What rib is in intercostal space 2

A

Rib 2

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3
Q

How many ribs

A

1-7 true ribs
8-10 false ribs
11 & 12 floating ribs

12 total

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4
Q

What rib space is used for needle aspiration of tension pneumothorax

A

Intercostal space 2

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5
Q

What rib space is used for chest tube placement?

A

Intercostal space 4

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6
Q

Posteriorly where do the ribs articulate?

A

Facets on transverse process and vertebral body

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7
Q

Where do neurovascular structures of ribs run posteriorly?

A

Along lower side of rib

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8
Q

Near what rib does the scapula end posteriorly?

A

7th rib

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9
Q

T1 vertebrae articulates with what rib

A

Rib 1

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10
Q

What is the angle of Louis

A

point where 2nd rib attaches to sternum

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11
Q

What vertebrae is correlated with anterior attachment of rib2

A

T4

-also area where trachea bifurcates into right and left side

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12
Q

What landmark is superior to the angle of Louis

A

Supra-sternal notch

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13
Q

What line runs down sternum

A

Midsternal line

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14
Q

What line is lateral to the midsternal line?

A

Midclavicular line

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15
Q

What line runs through C7

A

Midspinal line

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16
Q

What lines run lateral to the midspinal line?

A

Scapula lines

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17
Q

What does infra-mammary mean?

A

Below the nipples

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18
Q

Anteriorly how far does the apex extend above the clavicle?

A

2-4cm

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19
Q

Where approx. is the horizontal fissure?

A

Level of 4th rib

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20
Q

Right laterally, lung extends from ___ to _____

A

Peak of axilla

to 7th or 8th rib

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21
Q

What lobes make up the left lung?

A

LUL, LLL, lingual

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22
Q

What is the lower border of the lungs posteriorly

A

T10 at rest

T12 on inspiration

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23
Q

What bronchus is wider?

A

Right main stem, is also shorter

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24
Q

Mucoid sputum is_____ in color and probably signifies______

A

Translucent

Viral URI

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25
Purulent sputum is _______ in color and probably signifies_____
Yellow or Green | bacterial infection
26
When examining lungs/thorax posteriorly how should the patient sit?
Sitting up with arms crossed over each other
27
What are purplish/blue lips significant for
Cyanosis- sign of inadequate oxygenation of tissue
28
What main conditions appear with clubbing?
Bronchiectasis, malignancy, congenital heart disease, pulmonary fibrosis, CF but NOT COPD
29
What is a barrel chest?
Increased A/P diameter | seen in aging and COPD
30
What is pectus excavatum?
Congenital funnel chest | can compress mediastinal structures
31
What is pectus carinatum
Congenital pigeon chest
32
What is traumatic flail chest?
Seen in traumatic injury Paradoxical breathing from separation of part of the chest wall moving in opposition -medical emergency
33
What is kyphosis
excess curvature of the back "hunch back" dorsal curvature of thoracic spine seen often in elderly women with osteoporosis
34
What is kyphoscoliosis?
Spinal convexity into other plane than normal Forward hunching Widely separated ribs on one side and other side has tight ribs
35
What accessory muscles participate in breathing
abdominal SCM trapezius scalenus
36
What is the term for intercostal muscles working hard often seen in supraclavicular fossa
retractions
37
What is hyperpnea of variable rates seen in DKA?
Kussmal's respirations
38
What breathing is associated with brain lesions and is increased with bouts of no breathing?
Cheyne-Stokes
39
What is bradypnea
<12 breaths/min
40
What is tachypnea
>20/min with normal depth
41
What is a normal respiration rate?
14-20
42
What would cause asymmetry of respiratory excursion?
``` pain (splinting) paralysis pneumothorax Hemothorax pleural effusion ```
43
Would could decreased of absent tactile fremitus indicate?
``` Voice too soft COPD thick chest wall pneumothorax obstruction of any kind (air, fluid, tumor) ```
44
What is hyperresonant percussion over interspaces indate?
pneumothorax or COPD
45
What does a dull sound during percussion indicate?
Probably not in interspaces | tumor or pneumonia
46
What does a flat sound during percussion indicate?
Probably not in interspaces | pleural effusion
47
What sound is expected during percussion of lungs?
Resonance
48
What does abnormally high levels of diaphragmatic excursion mean?
``` diaphragm too high pleural effusion atelectasis phrenic nerve injury paralysis ```
49
If bronchovesicular or bronchial sounds are heard in locations distant from expected sites, suspect
that air filled lung has been replaced by fluid-filled or solid lung tissue
50
Decreased intesnsity of normal lungs sounds seen in
obesity thick chest wall shallow breaths pathology
51
What are crackles?
brief discontinuous sounds, most often at end of inspiration
52
What are ronchi
Snoring or gurgling sound | indicates secretions in large airways
53
What are wheezes?
Musical sounds created when air flows rapidly through significantly narrowed bronchi heard in expiation and sometimes on inspiration
54
What is stridor?
wheeze heard primarily during inspiration and mainly over large airways
55
What can stridor be a sign of?
Foreign body aspiration croup epiglottitis
56
What is a pleural rub?
Related to inflammation of pleural spaces | Coarse grating sound timed with lung movement
57
A increased intensity of transmitted voice sounds is indicative of
Consolidation | typical of pneumonia
58
A decreased intensity of transmitted voice sounds common in
normal | or when fluid or air pushes lung away from chest wall
59
What is bronchophony
Listening through chest wall as patient says number
60
What is egophony?
an E to A change demonstrating consolidation or mass

Fall- PE Exam (8 decks)

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