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lympahtic and immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

in blood type A- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: A
antibodies: B
will make antibodies for rh or d factor

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2
Q

in blood type A+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: A
Antibodies: B
will not make antibodies for rh factor

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3
Q

in blood type B- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: B
anitbodies: A
will make RH factor antibodies if exposed

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4
Q

in blood type B+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: B
antibodies: A
will not make antibodies on exposure to rh factor

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5
Q

in blood type AB- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: A and B
antibodies: none
will make rh antibodies if exposed

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6
Q

in blood type AB+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: AB
antibodies: none
will not make rh antibodies if exposed

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7
Q

in blood type o- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: none
antibodies: A and B
will make rh antibodies if exposed

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8
Q

in blood type o+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: none
antibodies: A and B
will not make RH factor antibodies

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9
Q

what is transfusion reaction?

A

adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its componenets

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10
Q

what are consequences of transfussion reaction?

A

will make antibodies causing clotting of cells to break down in circulatory system

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11
Q

what is agglutinogen?

A

an antigen that stimulates the production of an aglutinin

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12
Q

what is a agglutinin?

A

us a substance in blood that causes particles to coagulate and aggregate

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13
Q

what is homologous transfusion?

A

someone collecting and infusing the blood of a compatible donor into themselves

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14
Q

what is a autologous transfusion?

A

reinfusion of blood or blood components to the same individual who they were taken from

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15
Q

what are three main functions of lymphatic system?

A

immune defense
maintain blood volume
transport dietary lipids

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16
Q

what are the different types of tonsils and where they are located?

A

palatine tonsils- in the oropharynx
lingual tonsils- under the tongue
pharyngeal tonsil- roof of nasopharynx

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17
Q

which tonsil is reffered to as adenoid?

A

phayngeal

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18
Q

three functions of the spleen?

A

filters blood- macrophages remove pathogens
removes old RBC from circulation
immune servielence- innate immune responces to pathogens in blood

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19
Q

what type of cells does red pulp contain?

A

erythrocytes

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20
Q

what does white pulp resemble and cells?

A

resembles nodules and has lymphoid tissue so WBC

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21
Q

what organ atrophies in adulthood?

22
Q

what immune cells mature in the thymus?

Study These Flashcards
A

t-lymphocytes

23
Q

what influences maturation of t-lymphocytes?

24
Q

function of lymph nodes?

Study These Flashcards
A

filter lymph before returning to venous circulation

25
what type of ct predominates lymph nodes?
dense ct
26
where are lymph nodes most present in clumps?
cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions
27
why is lymph nodes common site of cancer metasis?
because lymph nodes filter tissue
28
how is lymph circulated?
just like venous blood, respiratory pump and skeletal muscle pump smooth muscle contraction
29
what structure in lymph vessels prevents backflow?
valves
30
what area is drained by right lymphatic duct?
right cervical, right thoracic, right arm
31
what area is drained by thoracic duct?
lower extremeties, left upper extremeties
32
what large veins do these ducts deliver lymph fluid to?
subclavian and internal jugular
33
what is interferons?
SPECIFIC Proteins secreted by virus infected cells; signal neighbouring cells to protect themselves against viral infection; activate NK cells and macrophages
34
what is NK cells?
SPECIFIC Special lymphocytes that patrol peripheral tissues; recognize and destroy abnormal cells (e.g. cancer cell or virus-infected cell) when they detect low MHC I levels on cell surface.
35
what are macrophages?
NONSPECIFIC Large phagocytes that engulf cellular debris, foreign particles/cells; present antigen to helper T cells.
36
what are inflammatory mediators?
chemicals secreted by cells that trigger inflammation
37
what are dendritic cells?
NONSPECIFIC Type of macrophage found in the epidermis and mucous membranes; engulf cellular debris, foreign particles/cells; present antigen to helper T cells.
38
what are cytotoxic T cells?
NONSPECIFIC T cells that secrete perforins and granzymes to destroy abnormal (cancer) cells, virus-infected cells and transplanted cells.
39
what are helper t cells?
NONSPECIFIC T cells that secrete cytokines (chemical signals) that mobilize other immune cells.
40
what are memory cells?
SPECIFIC Long lived T and B lymphocytes that are produced following exposure to an antigen and provide immunity over many years.
41
what are perforins?
NONSPECIFIC Proteins secreted by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells that make holes in target cells.
42
what are granzymes?
NONSPECIFIC Enzymes released by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells that induce cell death (apoptosis) by degrading cellular proteins and DNA.
43
what are antigen presenting cells?
NONSPECIFIC Display nonself-antigens on MHC II proteins to helper T cells.
44
what are B cells?
NONSPECIFIC Antigen presenting cells; differentiate into plasma cells.
45
what are plasma cells?
non-specific B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies?
46
what are antibodies?
SPECIFIC Proteins secreted by plasma cells that circulate in the blood where they recognize and bind foreign antigens.
47
what are the lymphoid organs?
lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, thymus
48
two main types of lymphocytes and where the originate?
t lymphocytes- thymus b lymphocytes- bone marrow
49
what is active vs passive immunity?
active immunity is developed due to production of antibodies in one own body passive immunity is developed antibodies prodcued outisde then introduced into the body
50
what is non-specifc immunity?
in place before exposure to pathogens secretions, defensins, pyrogens, interferons, completment, inflammation

bio lab exam 2 (4 decks)

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