Lymph

Question 1

Large glycoprotein responsible for viscosity and protective properties

Answer 1

Mucin

Question 2

IECs turnover every 4-5 days enabling clearance of attached pathogens

Answer 2

Sloughing

Question 3

Viscous barrier to prevent bacteria from attaching and crossing epithelium

Answer 3

Mucus production

Question 4

Defensins that selectively target certain classes of bacteria

Answer 4

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

Question 5

Recruitment and activation of granulocytes, myeloid cells, and lymphocytes in the presence of danger

Answer 5

Cytokines & chemokines

Question 6

Potent inflammatory and repair cytokines such as IL-17 & IL-22 to protect the crypts

Answer 6

T cell-like cytokines

Question 7

Absorption, mucus, digestive enzymes producing IECs

Answer 7

Enterocytes

Question 8

Hormone production and stem cell factors from IECs

Answer 8

Enteroendocrine cell

Question 9

Specialized mucus producers of IEC

Answer 9

Goblet cells

Question 10

Specialized cells defending crypts in the SI & colon

Answer 10

Paneth cells

Question 11

Antigen and microbe passage to GALT

Answer 11

M cells

Question 12

On both apical & basal surfaces sensing bacteria in gut lumen and in epithelia

Answer 12

Toll Like Receptors (TLR)

Question 13

Recognizes a diaminopimelic acid-containing peptide found in gram-negative bacteria

Answer 13

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain NOD 1

Question 14

Recognizes a muramyl dipeptide in peptidoglycans of bacteria (Crohn’s disease)

Answer 14

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain NOD 2

Question 15

-Polypeptides secreted by leukocytes and other cells that act principally on hematopoietic cells which modulates immune and inflammatory responses
-pleiotropic = multiple receptors
-redundant = sharing subunits (ligand specific)

Answer 15

Cytokines (5 major ones)

Question 16

-Murmur sounds caused by stenosis and regurgitation
-diagnosis through:
Pitch
Location
Loudness

Answer 16

Bruits

Question 17

Backup blood path if vessels get blocked

Answer 17

Collateral circulation

Question 18

Controlled by global and local control of blood vessels

Answer 18

Organ blood flow

Question 19

-precursor cell entering thymus cortex from bone marrow
Lack:
-TCR
-CD4 & CD8
-Prothymocytes

Answer 19

Double negative T cells

Question 20

-Double positive T cells recognizing self-MHC
-But only express CD8 or CD4

Answer 20

Single positive T cells

Question 21

-permeability barrier
-production prostacyclin
-trigger blood coagulation
-controls vascular growth
-modulate smooth muscle activity
-regulate traffic of inflammatory cells

Answer 21

Endothelial function

Question 22

Orderly unidirectional movement in series of layers

Answer 22

Laminar

Question 23

Arterioles maintaining a constant flow to an organ regardless of perfusion pressure changes (brain and heart 🫀🧠)
-myogenic or metabolic
-(no global 🫀or🧠 bc I’m smart & kind)

Answer 23

Autoregulation

Question 24

Portion of blood functionally circulating
-majority of blood stays in systemic veins (reservoir)

Answer 24

Effective circulating volume

Question 25

-BP -valves -skeletal muscle pump -respiratory pump

Answer 25

Venous return contributing factors

Question 26

Total fluid pressure of a compartment

Answer 26

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 27

Osmotic pressure caused by proteins

Answer 27

Oncotic pressure

Question 28

-determined by gradient between CVP and right atrial pressure (RAP)

Answer 28

Systemic venous return

Question 29

Integrates short-term and long-term global control of circulation

Answer 29

Medulla

Question 30

Achieved through renal control of ECF volume

Answer 30

Long-term control

Question 31

-ANS and circulating hormones control it

Answer 31

Short-term control

Question 32

-EF normal -impaired ventricular filling

Answer 32

HFpEF

Question 33

-From DNs that proliferate in subcapsular region Thymocyte in medulla -developing T cells from the bone marrow -TCR -CD8 & CD4

Answer 33

Double positive

Question 34

Phase1 - good interaction with MHC1 and bad with binding -CD3+CD4 & CD3+CD8

Answer 34

Positive selection

Question 35

Phase2 -CD3+CD4 & CD3+CD8 die upon activation -CD3+CD4 & CD3+CD8 survive without activation -mediated by epithelial & dendritic cells autoimmune regulator

Answer 35

Negative selection

Question 36

B-cells proliferating in white pulp

Answer 36

Spleen germinal center

Question 37

On TH and recognizes B7 on APC

Answer 37

CD28

Question 38

On TH and recognizes CD40 on B-Cell

Answer 38

CD40L

Question 39

Lupus

Answer 39

C1q deficiency

Question 40

Pneumococcus and H. Influenza

Answer 40

C3 deficiency

Question 41

Neisseria meningococus and gonococcus

Answer 41

C5-C9 deficiency

Question 42

Hereditary Angioedema

Answer 42

C1 INH inhibitor

Question 43

Pyogenic infections by encapsulated bacteria

Answer 43

MBL deficiency

Question 44

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria a hemolytic anemia

Answer 44

DAF and CD59 deficiency

Question 45

Glomerulonephritis caused by C3 consumption

Answer 45

Factor H, I, or cofactor protein deficiency

Question 46

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome 1 leading to staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas

Answer 46

Complement receptor 3 deficiency

Question 47

Eliminate microbes after getting the signal to do so -plasma cells and cytotoxic T cells

Answer 47

Effector cells

Question 48

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

Answer 48

Absence of RAG

Question 49

Omenn syndrome

Answer 49

RAG Missense

Question 50

RS-SCID

Answer 50

Artemis: DNA-PK complex defect

Question 51

Receptor on phagocytes binding to immune complexes

Answer 51

FCR