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Lymph/immune Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What are examples of pathogens

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, & parasites

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2
Q

Immunity definition

A

Ability to resist infection & disease

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3
Q

How do lymph vessels move lymph

A

Skeletal muscle pump, one way valves, respiratory pump

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4
Q

Function of lymph system

A

Produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes

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5
Q

Production site of lymphocytes

A

Bone marrow, tonsils, spleen, thymus

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6
Q

Lymphatic capillaries compared to blood capillaries

A

Larger diameter, flat, thinner walls, start as pockets

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7
Q

Lacteals function

A

Transports lipids from digestive tract

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8
Q

Where are lacteals found

A

Small intestines

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9
Q

Where do lymph vessels end

A

Right lymphatic ducts, & thoracic duct

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10
Q

Where does thoracic duct collect lymph from?

A

Left brachiomediastinal trunk, left subclavian trunk, left jugular trunk

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11
Q

Where does thoracic duct empty lymph

A

Into left subclavian vein

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12
Q

Where does right lymphatic duct empty lymph

A

Right subclavian vein

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13
Q

Where does right lymphatic duct collect lymph

A

Right jugular trunk, right subclavian trunk, right brachiomediastinal trunk

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14
Q

Lymphedema

A

Severe swelling caused by Blockage of lymph drainage from a limb

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15
Q

What do cytotoxic cells do

A

Kill infected cells

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16
Q

Function of memory T cells

A

Immunity,fights a second infection of the same type much quicker

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17
Q

Function of helper T cells

A

Connects innate immune system and specific immunity

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18
Q

Suppressor T cells function

A

Inhibit immunity

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19
Q

Antigen

A

Anything that causes an immune response

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20
Q

Function of NK cells

A

Fights foreign, virus-infected, and cancer cells

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21
Q

Lymphopoeisis

A

Production of lymphocytes

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22
Q

What structures are involved in lymphopoeisis

A

Bone marrow, thymus, and spleen

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23
Q

What causes B cell differentiation

A

Interleukin, a cytokine

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24
Q

Function of lymph node

A

Filter, removes debris, pathogens, and antigen

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25
Lymphadenopathy
Enlargement of lymph nodes
26
What causes lymphadenopathy
Infections, endocrine disorders, or cancers
27
When does thymus atrophy occur
After puberty
28
What is in red pulp
Red blood cells and macrophages
29
What is in white pulp
Lymphocytes
30
What are some categories of innate defense
Mech/chem barriers, phagocytes, interferons, complement, inflammatory response, fever, & immunological surveillance.
31
What are examples of physical barriers
Nose hairs, earwax, urination
32
Example of immunological surveillance
NK cells
33
What is interferon
Chemical released from virus infected cells
34
What is complement
A protein that stains the germ making it easier to kill
35
What are signs of inflammatory responses
Edema, redness, heat, pain, and loss of function
36
Why do we get fevers
To raise the body temperature to kill germs
37
Emigration/diapedesis
How white blood cells move through capillaries
38
Chemotaxis
What leukocytes use to recognize germs
39
How do NK cells react to infected cells
Secrete perforin killing the cell but not the virus
40
what triggers Classical pathway of complement system
Antibodies attach to antigen and acts as an enzyme causing a cascade
41
What event starts the classical pathway
C1 binding to antibodies
42
What does alternative pathway of complement system do
Make the germ visible by leaving a chemical trail
43
What do both complement pathways end with
C3b on surface of germs
44
Opsonization
Tagging of foreign pathogens
45
What factors attract macrophages to an area
Swelling, redness, heat, and pain
46
What do mast cells do
Release histamine and heparin
47
Tolerance
Immune system ignores self antigens
48
What happens if immune system loses tolerance
Autoimmune diseases
49
Function of Major histocompatibility complex
How we identify one another using DNA matching
50
Where is MHC class 1 found
Membrane of all nucleated cells
51
Where is class 2 of MHC
Found in membranes of antigen presenting cells & lymphocytes
52
What cells are considered antigen presenting cells
Macrophages and B cells
53
What occurs when cytotoxic cells dividing due to class 1 activation
Production of memory T cells
54
What produces cytokines for immune system?
Helper T cells
55
Interleukin function
Communication between specific defense systems (level 4 & 3)
56
Hapten
Piece of an antigen
57
What has to happen for a Hapten to become a complete antigen
Must attach to carrier molecules
58
Epitote
The location of an antigen -AKA antigenic determinant
59
What activates in primary response (And the order)
IgM first and then IgG
60
What occurs in secondary response
IgG and IgM arise quicker and become more efficient (IgG comes in first)
61
When can fetus produce immune response
3-4 months
62
How does IgG get to fetus
Placenta
63
How does IgA get to child from mother
Breast milk
64
Examples of immune deficiency diseses
SCID, and AIDS
65
What causes allergies
Allergy causing antigens
66
What occurs due to high stimulation of mast cells
Massive release of histamine
67
What happens if histamine is in the body in large quantities
Vessel dilation, and airway constriction Anaphylactic shock
68
T/F) the immune system declines with age
True
69
Adhesion (macrophages)
When phagocytes attach to germ
70
Acute compartment syndrome
Swelling caused by compression

Anp Flash Cards (14 decks)

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