Lymphatic and Immune system

Question 1

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

provide drainage for body fluids and bring it back to the blood stream

Question 2

what makes the immune system and its role?

Answer 2

made up of cells and organs that help to eradicate pathogens by neutralizing or destroying to prevent disease and death

Question 3

define interstitial fluid?

Answer 3

plasma filtering out of the bloodstream and into the tissue spaces

Question 4

define lymph

Answer 4

interstitial fluid that entered the lymphatic system

Question 5

what occurs in lymphedema?

Answer 5

when there is blockage due to cancers, or injury it triggers an accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid

Question 6

how are lymphatic vessels important?

Answer 6

able to transfer immune system cells, dietary lipids, fat soluble vitamins

Question 7

where can lymph be found?

Answer 7

near the groin, armpits, neck, chest and abdomen

Question 8

How are fluids able to move in the lymphatic system?

Answer 8

by movements in the body, contraction of skeletal muscles and breathing

Question 9

what valve is responsible for moving the lymph toward the heart

Answer 9

semi-lunar valves or one-way valves

Question 10

what occurs in the lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 10

interstitial fluid enters the system which converts to lymph fluid

Question 11

where are lymphatic capillaries found in the body?

Answer 11

found among the arterioles and venules of circulatory sys, found in the soft connective tissues of the body

Question 12

what is the purpose of endothelial flaps?

Answer 12

to prevent backflow of interstitial fluid in the lymphatic capillaries.

Question 13

what are lymphatic trunks?

Answer 13

superficial and deep lymphatics that form to make large lymphatic vessels

Question 14

what makes the immune system?

Answer 14

barriers, cells, and soluble proteins work together to protect the body

Question 15

What are the three temporal phases of immune function?

Answer 15

barrier defenses, innate immune response, adaptive immune response

Question 16

what are barrier defenses?

Answer 16

are the skin and mucous membranes that help to protect body tissues from pathogens

Question 17

what are the types of lymphocytes

Answer 17

B and T cells

Question 18

what are secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 18

spleen and lymph nodes

Question 19

what is the primary role of B cells

Answer 19

making antibodies

Question 20

what are antibodies

Answer 20

group of proteins that binds to pathogen associated molecules or antigens

Question 21

what is an antigen

Answer 21

found on the surface of a pathogen and binds to T or B lymphocyte antigen receptors

Question 22

Role of T cells?

Answer 22

secretion of soluble factors for adaptive immune response or destroying cells that are infected with pathogens, or releases chemical messengers

Question 23

what are plasma cells?

Answer 23

a B cell that has differentiated due to antigen binding and is able to secrete soluble antibodies

Question 24

Which immune response is natural killers responsible for?

Answer 24

innate immune response

Question 25

what is found in natural killer cells?

Answer 25

has cytotoxic granules that are cell killing

Question 26

why are natural killer cells important for the immune system?

Answer 26

help to fight against viruses and specific cancers

Question 27

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 27

bone marrow and thymus gland

Question 28

where are blood cells made in the bone marrow?

Answer 28

yolk sac

Question 29

what occurs in the red bone marrow?

Answer 29

hematopoiesis

Question 30

what does yellow bone marrow contain?

Answer 30

fat cells and is used for energy storage

Question 31

where is the thymus found?

Answer 31

between the sternum and aorta of the heart

Question 32

what does the thymus contain?

Answer 32

thymocytes, epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 33

what is the role of lymph nodes?

Answer 33

to remove waste and pathogens from the lymph, act as a filter

Question 34

how are dendritic cells and macrophages helpful for lymph nodes?

Answer 34

able to kill pathogens

Question 35

what is the name of the vessels that are the routes directing towards the lymph node called?

Answer 35

afferent lymphatic vessels

Question 36

what is the name of the vessels that are routes to leave the lymph nodes

Answer 36

efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 37

what is the role of the spleen?

Answer 37

to remove microbes, dying red blood cells, and other materials in the blood with the help of macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 38

what do lymphoid nodules contain?

Answer 38

lymphocytes

Question 39

where are lymphoid nodules located?

Answer 39

respiratory and digestive tracts

Question 40

why are tonsils important for immunity?

Answer 40

have tonsillar crypts that help children recognize pathogens

Question 41

what type of immune response is effective in defending the body against pathogens?

Answer 41

adaptive immune system bc it is specific

Question 42

what is the primary barrier that defends the body

Answer 42

skin

Question 43

how is the skin able to protect the body from pathogens

Answer 43

has a layer of dead keratinized epithelium that prevents growth of bacteria

Question 44

how does saliva protect the body from bacteria?

Answer 44

contains lysozyme which helps to eat the cells walls of bacteria

Question 45

describe phagocytosis?

Answer 45

phagocytes that surround and eat cells that are pathogenic and a process to get rid of waste and old cells

Question 46

what process is natural killer cells able to induce?

Answer 46

apoptosis- programmed cell death

Question 47

What are the two mechanisms that NK cells are able to conduct for apoptosis?

Answer 47

responding to chemical signals and expressing the fas ligand, or releasing perforins and granzymes

Question 48

what is pattern recognition receptor?

Answer 48

the ability of the body to recognize pathogens and molecules that is released by stressed or damaged cells through a receptor