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Lymphatic Lecture > Lymphatic Lecture > Flashcards

Lymphatic Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types of immunity

A

Non specific- present at birth
Specific

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2
Q

Non specific immunity

A

Not specific recognition of invaders
No memory component
Present at birth
1&2 line of defenses

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3
Q

Specific immunity

A

Specific recognition of invaders with memory
Uses lymphocytes

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4
Q

Lymphatic system structure

A

-Lymph
-Lymphatic vessels
-Structures and organs containing lymph
-red bone marrow (lymphocyte production)

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5
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

-Drain excess interstitial fluid
-Transport dietary lipid-by lacteals (like milk) to transport digested fat from intestine into blood
-carry out immune responses

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6
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Spleen-CNS-Red bone marrow
-Begins as lymphatic capillaries
In all body tissue except (Avascular)
-capillaries unite=large lymph vessels

Thinner than veins and have more valves

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7
Q

Lymph passes through…

A

Lymph nodes
Encapsulated organs with masses of B and T cells

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8
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

-Larger diameter than capillaries
-One way structure
-Allows interstitial fluid to flow in NOT out
-anchoring filaments pull openings wider
- overlapping endo cells act as valves

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9
Q

Lymphatic capillaries in small intestines

A

Have lacteal for dietary lipid uptake

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10
Q

Differences between interstitial fluid and lymph

A

Interstitial is between cells
Lymph is in lymph nodes

SAME CHEMICALS IN BOTH

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11
Q

What are lymph trunks

A

United vessels
Lymph passes through before draining into venous blood

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12
Q

Thoracic duct empties…
Lymphatic duct empties…

A

Thoracic= left subclavian vein
Lymphatic= right subclavian vein

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13
Q

Amount of body drained by right lymphatic
Drained into what

A

1/4
Right subclavian vein

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14
Q

How much of body drain into thoracic duct
Drained into what

A

3/4
Left subclavian vein

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15
Q

Pumps helping venous return

A
  1. Skeletal muscle pump-milking
  2. Respiratory pump- pressure changes during breathing
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16
Q

Formation and flow of lymph

A

-More fluid filters out of blood capillaries than what is reabsorbed
-Excess fluid drains into lymphatic vessels=lymph
-2 valves

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17
Q

Important function of lymphatic vessels

A

Return lost plasma proteins to blood stream

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18
Q

Groups of lymphatic tissues/organs

A

Primary
Secondary

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19
Q

Primary lymphatic organs
What and what they do

A

-Where stem cells divide and became immunocompetent
-red bone marrow and thymus

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20
Q

Secondary lymphatic organs
Where and what they do

A

-Where most immune response occurs
-Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

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21
Q

Thymus
Composed of
What it does

A

-Outer cortex made of lots of T cells
-Immature T cells migrate here from red bone marrow where they proliferate and mature
-macrophages clear out dead/dying cells

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22
Q

Medulla

A

-More mature T cells migrate here
-More epithelial cells and macrophages

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23
Q

What happens to thymus as you age what takes over its it’s functions

A

Shrinks and replaced with adipose tissue
Lymph nodes

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24
Q

Lymph nodes
Location and structures

A

Along lymphatic vessels
Outer cortex
Inner cortex
Medulla

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25
Functional parts of outer cortex
Outer- lymphatic nodules (B cells) site of plasma cell and memory B cell formation and proliferation
26
Functional parts of lymph node inner cortex and medulla
Inner- T cells Medulla- B cells antibody producing plasma cells from cortex and macrophages
27
Lymph nodes function as a filter. What do they filter
Foreign substances trapped Destroyed by macrophages or immune response of lymphocytes
28
Spleen Fun fact Two parts
Largest single mass of lymphatic tissue 1. White pulp 2. Red pulp
29
White pulp Made of
Lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes and macrophages) B and T cells carry out immune function T=directly destroy antigens B=plasma cells to secrete antibodies
30
Macrophages destroy antigens by
Phagocytosis
31
Red pulp made of
Blood filled venous sinuses and splenic cords- RBC, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, Granulocytes
32
Stuff Red pulp does
1Macrophages remove ruptured, useless blood cells via phago 2store 1/3 of body’s platelet supply 3 production of blood cells during fetal life
33
Do lymphatic vessels have a capsule? Where are they thru out body?
Nope Scattered thru out lamina propria (basement mem) of mucous membranes lining GI, urinary, reproductive tract
34
Larger lymphatic nodules?
Tonsils, appendix, peters patches in ileum of small intestines
35
Types of tonsils What they do
Pharyngeal, palatine, lingual Trap pathogens
36
Non specific immunity defenses
Skin and mucous membranes
37
How do skin and mucous mems protect
Physical and chemical barriers
38
Physical barriers of skin and mucous mems
-Epidermis -Mucous traps microbes and substances -nose hairs trap/filter -cilia trap particles and push them up and out
39
Fluids of non specific immunity 1st defense
Lacrimal of eyes (tears) Saliva Urine Vaginal secretions, poop, barf
40
Chem protection of non specific
Sebaceous oil glands secrete sebum Sweat, Gastric juice , Vag secretions All acidic
41
Second line of defense
Internal defenses: Abtimicrobial proteins Fever Natural killer cells Phagocytes Inflammation
42
Interferons
-Second line defense -Made by lymphocytes, macrophages infected by viruses ONLY -prevents replication in neighboring uninflected cells
43
Fever
-Second line of defense -Induced by pyrogensfrom macrophages in response to pathogens
44
What does increased body temp do
Stops bacterial growth and increases metabolic rate for faster repair “Boils” bacteria
45
Natural killer cells
Versatile Lymphocyte —not T or B Kills wide variety of infected/tumor cells Attack abnormal/unusual body cells Releases perforin
46
What is perforin
Released by NK cells Makes perforations leading to cytolysis Makes holes in cell- kills it
47
Phagocytes
-Neutrophils and macrophages (monocytes) -Migrate to infected area and engulf pathogens
48
Inflammation
-Non-specific, defensive response to damage -attempt to dispose microbes -prevent spread - prepare site for tissue repair
49
S/S of inflammation
Redness Pain Heat Swelling
50
Stages of inflammation
1) Vasodilation/ ^Blood vessel permeability 2) migration of phagocytes 3) tissue repair
51
Vasodilation and increased permeability of BVs
-Increase arterials diameter of arterioles allows more blood flow they area - increased permeability brings antibodies and clotting factors (normally retained)
52
Migration of phagocytes
-Depends on chemotaxis -Neutrophils run early stages but die quick -monocytes to macrophages- versatile -tissue repair follows healing
53
Specific immunity What cells and function
Always lymphocytes Always memory component Fights specific invading agents Antigens (Ags)
54
Antigen (Ags) What are they
Substances recognized as foreign and provoking and immune response Mostly polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
55
Maturation of T and B cells (Lymphocytes)
Both devel in pluripotent stem cells orig in Red bone marrow - B= BONE- develop in RBM - T= THYMUS- devel from pre-T that migrate from RBM to Thymus
56
Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells CD meaning
Helper- CD4 T cells (helps) cyto- CD8 T cells (kills) CD= cluster of differentiation
57
Antigen receptors
B and T cells Molecules capable of recognizing specific antigens
58
Types of specific immunity
1. Cell mediated 2. Antibody mediated
59
Cell-mediated specific immunity
-Cytotoxic T cells directly attack invading antigens - against intercellular pathogens, cancer cells and foreign transplants INSIDE CYTOPLASM
60
Antibody mediated specific immunity
-B cells turn into plasma cells making antibodies or immunoglobulins -against extracellular pathogens in fluid OUTSIDE of cell Outside cytoplasm
61
What do T helper cells do in specific immunity Do the types of immunity work together
Helper said in both types a specific immunity Yes they do
62
Antigens characteristics
-Immunogenicity= provoke immune response -reactivity= react specifically w/ antibodies it provoked
63
Epitope
Antigenetic determinant Trigger response
64
Lymphocytes make
B cells T cells Natural killer cells ( non specific)
65
B cells make
Plasma cells Memory B cells
66
Plasma cells make
Antibody
67
T cells make
CD4 helper T cells CD8 cytotoxic T cells
68
Helper T cells make
Active helper- coded Memory helper- left behind
69
Cytotoxic T cells
Active cytotoxic Memory cytotoxic- left behind
70
Elimination of invaders
Perforin causes cytolysis Lymphotoxins frag dna in target cells
71
Major diff btwn T cells and NK cells
T cells have specific receptor for particular microbe NK cells Kill wide variety of microbe infected cells
72
Antibodies (ab)
-Can combine with epitope of antigen that triggered production -glycoprotein=globulin
73
Classes of antibodies
IgD IgA IgM IgG IgE
74
Polypeptide chains of antibody
2 heavy 2 light 2 antigen-binding sites
75
Antibody actions
Neutralizing antigen Immobilizing bacteria Agglutinating/precipitating antigen Enhancing phagocytosis
76
Immunological memory
Memory cells Faster stronger secondary response

Lymphatic Lecture (1 decks)

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