Lymphatic System Flashcards
(28 cards)
Differentiate between antigen and antibody
Antigen
- is on the cell
Antibody
- protein that binds to the antigen
Is lymphatic a loop system?
no, blind end system
What are some functions of the lymphatic system (4)
NET FILTRATION PRESSURE
- takes interstitial fluid to blood (allows for no swelling)
- Distribute hormones, nutrients, waste products
- basis of immune system
- removes foreign substances
How is the lymphatic system similar to the cardiovascular system
- Distribute hormones, nutrients, waste products
- Capillaries lined by simple squamous epithelium
What is the lymph pathway overview
Cats Violently toss Donuts
Blood stream capillaries
Interstitial space
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymphatic Ducts
Venus blood
What are the lymphatic capillaries lined by?
What are they anchored by?
Lined by Simple squamous
Collagen filaments prevents capillary collapse
What is the role of lacteals in the capillaries?
lining layer of the GI tract
- absorb digested fat & deliver chyle to bloodstream
What do the lymphatic vessels contain? (2)
- Anastomose frequently (junctions between vessels & joint)
- Lymphatic valve to block the backflow of fluid
What is the role of the lymphatic trunks?
Drain different fluids in the trunk
What does the right lymphatic duct drain? Thoracic Duct?
What is the collection point for all the lymph inferior of the diaphragm?
Right duct
- drains right body superior to diaphragm
Thoracic Duct
- Drains everything inferior to diaphragm and left superior of it
Cisterna Chyli
What type of transport does lymph have? slow/fast
- slow transport
- low pressure
- brings fluid up against gravity
Describe the process of NK cells?
What do they kill?
Nonspecific, kills unusual antigens
- When unusual Ag detected, NK activates
- Golgi produces perforin to secrete into the cell. turns into pores
- Pores are released via exocytosis into the Ag
- Pores quickly explodes the Ag cell
What are the roles of:
1.Macrophages
2.Dendritic cells
3.Reticular cells
- “big eaters” act as Ag presenting cell to mount an immune response. Help activate T cells
- Capture Ag & deliver them to lymph nodes
- help support lymphoid organs
Differentiate between primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
Where does it occur?
Primary
- Where b & T cells mature
- Thymus, Red bone marrow
Secondary
- Where B & T cells encounter Ag
- Surveillance points
- Where immune response occurs
- Tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen, appendix
What are the steps that occur in the Thymus for T cells.
- Positive selection
- T cells must recognize self-major histocompatibility proteins (self-MHC) with the Ag-presenting thymic cells - T cells must NOT recognize self-antigen
What are the 2 types of lymphoid tissues?
Diffuse lymphatic tissue
- found in every organ
Lymphoid follicles (nodules)
- Have a germinal center that consists of B cells
What are the 2 functions of lymph nodes
- Filter lymph
- Macrophages destroy microorganisms - Activate immune system: lymphocytes are activated and mount an attack against antigen
In a lymph node structure, what does the cortex and medulla contain?
Cortex
- follicles (germinal cells)
- Full of B cells
Medulla
- Medullary sinuses: lymph capillaries containing macrophages
- Passageways for lymphs to move
- Contains B & T cells
How does circulation in lymph nodes work?
Where does it enter and exit?
- Lymph enters via AFFERENT vessels
- Lymph travels through subcapsular and medullary sinuses
- Lymph exits via EFFERent vessels
What is the largest lymphoid organ of the body?
What does it contain?
Which side of the body?
Function?
Spleen
- lymphocytes, macrophages & LOTS of RBC (filters blood)
- White pulp: white blood cells to allow B & T cells to mount an immune response
- Red pulp: Removes worn out RBCs
Function: same as lymph node but for blood
Does the Thymus directly fight antigens?
What function?
No, indirectly.
Educate T cells through positive & negative selection to become immunocompetent
What is the role of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)
- protects digestive and respiratory systems (mucous membranes) from foreign substances
Describe the 1st line of defense in immunity (2):
Surface barriers
skin
- Acid mantle: skin secretions are acidic and it kills bacteria
- Keratin provides resistance against acids, and bacteria enzymes
Mucous membranes
- Nasal hairs
- Mucous for respiratory and digestive tracts
Describe the 2nd line of defense:
Internal defense (6)
Cells
- Phagocytes
- NK cells
Antimicrobial proteins
- Interferons (sacrifice themselves)
- Complement (helps insert membrane attack complex so they burst & die)
- Inflammation (capillaries get more permeability)
- Fever (inhibits microbes from multiplying)
