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Infection And Immunity > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

How many parts does the circulatory system have ?
What are they called?

A

2 parts
cardiovascular + lymphatic

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2
Q

What do the 3 components of the lymphatic system do?
Extensive network of capillaries and collecting vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymphoid organs

A
  1. Extensive network of capillaries and collecting vessels to receive:
    - fluid from CT
    - transport to CV system
  2. Lymph nodes: to filter fluid in collecting vessels
  3. Lymphoid organs: lymphatic nodules, tonsils, spleen and thymus
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3
Q

What is formed when more fluid leaves capillaries with plasma protein than enters and where does it build up?

A

1.Interstitial fluid
2. Intercellular spaces

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4
Q

What is oedema?
Where cant plasma proteins re enter and where can it enter?

A

1.Buildup of plasma proteins
2. Can’t enter capillaries
3. Can enter lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

1.How does lymph travel?
2. What must be there to prevent back flow?

A
  1. One way system flow to the heart begins at tiny blind ended Lymph capillaries.
  2. Valves
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6
Q

Name the types of lymphatic vessels.
C
C
T
D

A

Capillary
Collecting vessel
Trunk
Duct

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7
Q

Which two types of pressures are used to force fluid with plasma proteins into interstitial space? O & H

A

Osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure

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8
Q

1.At which end is the fluid reabsorbed?
2.how many Litres remains and returns to blood?

A
  1. Venous end
  2. 3
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9
Q

Lymph capillaries only occur along blood capillaries, Along which structures do lymph capillaries do not occur?
B
BM
T
CNS

A

Bone
Bone marrow
Teeth
Central nervous system

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10
Q

What are Capillaries similar to and how are they different?

A

Similar to blood vessels
Very permeable

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11
Q

Name the unique structural modifications of endothelial cells in capillaries.

A
  1. Endothelial cells
    - loosely overlap
    -Open easily
    -Create mini valves
  2. Endothelial cells are Anchored:
    - to surrounding structures by fine filaments
    - separated with interstitial fluid vol
    - expose gaps in capillary wall but close if pressure is high inside to stop leakage
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12
Q

What do lymph capillaries take up?
Why do they travel around the body?

A

1.
Debris
Pathogens
Cells

2.Detour lymph nodes filter fluid

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13
Q

What are lacteals?
Where are they found?
Colour? Why?

A
  1. Highly specialised lymph capillaries
  2. In villi of intestinal capillaries
    -Milky white than clear
    - contains digested intestinal fats (chyle)
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14
Q

1.Similarities of collecting vessels to veins?
2. Differences?

A
  1. Three tunics
    2.- thin walled
    - more internal valves
    - more anastomosing
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15
Q

Where do larger lymphatic vessels receive blood supply from?

A

Vasa vasorum

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16
Q

1.What do collecting vessels in skin travel with?

  1. What do deep lymphatic vessels travel with?
A
  1. Superficial veins
  2. Deep arteries
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17
Q

What do Lymphatic trunks do?

A

Drain large areas of the body

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18
Q

Give some examples of lymphatic trunks?

A

• paired lumbar
•bronchomediastinal
• subclavian + jugular trunks
• single intestinal trunk

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19
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

A

Junction of RIGHT INTERNAL JUGULAR, RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN VEIN

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20
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

Junction OF LEFT INTERNAL JUGULAR, LEFT SUBCLAVIAN VEINS

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21
Q

What is the Cisternae chyli?

A

Inferior part of thoracic duct

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22
Q

1.How is lymph transport different to cardiovascular system?
2. How does it have the same mechanism as veins?

Study These Flashcards
A

1-
•Pumpless
•low pressure, slow moving

  1. •Milking action of muscles
    • breathing induced pressure change in thorax
    • use of valves
    •rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle in trunks and ducts
23
Q

What is lymphoid tissue and where is it found?

Study These Flashcards
A

Loose Connective Tissue (Reticular)
In Lymphoid Organs EXCEPT THYMUS

24
Q

What do macrophages live on in temporary spaces?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fibres and lymphocytes

25
How is lymphoid tissue packaged?
1. Diffuses in most body organs-mucous membranes, lymphoid organs 2. Follicles/Nodules- - solid -tightly packed -sphere bodies with germinal centres (B CELLS)
26
What do LYMPH NODES do?
•Filter lymph that clusters along lymphatic vessels •Protective function via phagocytes •Activate immune system
27
What is formed when lymphatic vessels converge?
Trunks such as: •Groin- inguinal •arm pit- axiallary •neck- cervical
28
1. What do bean shaped organs contain and 2.what do they divide into? 3. What do they provide? 4. Name the two regions.
1. Fibrous capsule that produce CT strands called TRABECULAE 2. DIVIDE NODES into Compartments 3. Provide STROMA SUPPORT for changing LYMPHATIC CELLS 4. Medulla and cortex regiona
29
1. What does the CORTEX have? 2. What wraps around follicles to separate them from transit T CELL rich interspaces? D C 3. What circulates between blood, lymph and LNs for immune surveillance?
1. DENSELY PACKED FOLLICLES with GERMINAL centres 2. Dendritic Cells 3. T Cells
30
Describe the MEDULLA
Has cords inward extensions of the cortex that has lymphocytes and plasma cells
31
Lymph nodes- SINUSES 1. How do they phagocytose foreign material? 2. What is activated when antigens leak into the surrounding R T?
1.Covered by reticular fibres with macrophages that enter the node. 2. Lymphocytes
32
1. Which type of tissue only filters lymph? 2. Which side does lymph enter afferent lymphatic vessels? 3. What does it move through and where does it reach?
1.lymphoid 2. Convex 3. - Moves via a SUB CAPSULAR SINUS into SMALLER SINUSES. - Passes through the cortex to the medulla - leaves through few efferent L vessels at hilus on the other side - causes L stagnation, increases access by macrophages and lymphocytes - has Togo through lots of nodes before being cleaned
33
What is the SPLEEN
LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN
34
Properties of the SPLEEN
Soft Blood rich organ Size of fist Under the diaphragm on the left side of the abdomen
35
Properties of the SPLEEN
Soft Blood rich organ Size of fist Under diaphragm on left side of abdomen Thin capsule with TRABECULAE Has lymphocytes and macrophages
36
Which ARTERY and VEIN supply blood to it? Where do they come from? Which side? (Hint: concave)
Splenic A and saphenous V HILUS
37
What functions does the spleen carry out?
Immune surveillance Cleans blood: removes old RBC/ platelets, bacteria, virus, foreign matter. Debris, toxins Lymphoid proliferation Stores red blood cells Releases some into the liver Platelets storage Produces RBC in a FOETUS
38
What are the two distinct areas?
1. Lymphocytes areas on reticular fibres - white pulp, forms cuffs around central arteries 2. - Red cell areas - venous sinus -splenic cords - Red pulp -dispose of effete red blood cells and pathogens
39
What is the thymus and where is it located?
Bilobular organ In lower neck
40
What does it do? What does it secrete? What does it make?
Thymosin Thymopentin Makes T Lymphocytes immunocompetent
41
What happens to its size? When is it active? When does it start to atrophy? What is it replaced by and when?
1.Increases in size 2. is active in childhood 3. In adolescence 4. Fibrous fatty tissue in old age
42
Describe the structure
Flowerets the thymic lobules with outer cortex and inner medulla
43
What is LIGHT and DARK STAINING
DARK: CORTEX rapid division, DENSE PACKED LYMPHOCYTES and few MACROPHAGES LIGHT: Medulla- few lymphocytes, has different shaped structures
44
What is the function of HASSALs/ THYMIC CORPUSCLES:
Converts self- REACTIVE T lymphocytes into SUPPRESSIVE T lymphocytes
45
TWO main ways the THYMUS is different to other ORGANS?
1. -Only works in T cell MATURATION - doesn't fight antigens DIRECTLY- blood thymus barrier to prevent premature activation of immature lymphocytes 2. Stroma framework: - has a star shaped epithelial cells - helps lymphocytes by SECRETING STIMULATING HORMONES - Doesn't have reticular cells
46
What are TONSILS? Where are they found?
simple lymphoid organ Found as a ring tissue around entrance to throat Part is encapsulated as swellings in mucosa
47
What are some of the functions of the TONSILS?
Remove pathogens that enter inhales air or food
48
Types of TONSILS and their LOCATION
Palatine are the largest on either side of the POSTERIOR end of ORAL CAVITY Lingual: base of tongue Pharyngeal: adenoids in posterior wall of nasopharynx Tubal: surrounds opening of auditory tubes into pharynx
49
What do TONSILS have that is diffused by scattered Lymphocytes?
Nodules with GERMINAL centres
50
1.What covers the EXTERIOR SURFACE? 2.What does it do? 3.What is formed?
1. Squamous epithelium 2. Invaginates deep into the tonsil 3. Makes blind ended crypts to trap BACTERIA,PARTICLES
51
Where is BACTERIA KILLED? WHAT IS PRODUCED?
1. Lymphoid tissue 2. Memory IMMUNE CELLS
52
Aggregates of LYMPH NODULES What is PEYERS PATCHES? Where?
Large isolated clusters of nodules similar tonsils Found in wall of ileum
53
What happens when the APPENDIX and PEYERS PATCHES are in a good position?
Destroy bacteria in the gut Make memory lymphocytes for long term immunity Makes mucous associated lymph tissue for respiratory and digestive tract protection

Infection And Immunity (8 decks)

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