lymphatic system

Question 1

what is the main goal/purpose of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

brings back escaped fluid (lymph) back into the blood

Question 2

pick up excess fluid that escaped from the blood. It will return it to the blood.

Answer 2

lymphatic vessels

Question 3

site where gas exchange happens. Weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries.

Answer 3

lymphatic capillaries

Question 4

Carry lymph to and away from lymph nodes

Answer 4

lymphatic collecting vessels

Question 5

drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

Answer 5

right lymphatic duct

Question 6

drains lymph from the rest of the body

Answer 6

thoracic duct

Question 7

filter lymph before it is returned to the blood.

Answer 7

lymph nodes

Question 8

engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in lymph

Answer 8

macrophages

Question 9

respond to foreign substances in lymph.

Answer 9

lymphocytes

Question 10

contains follicles for the collection of lymphocytes. Germinal centers enlarge when antibodies are released by plasma cells.

Answer 10

cortex (outer part)

Question 11

inner part of lymph nodes that contain phagocytic macrophages

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

filters and cleans blood of bacteria, viruses, debris and provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance.
- destroys worn out blood cells

Answer 12

spleen

Question 13

produces T-lymphocytes

Answer 13

thymus

Question 14

small masses of lymphoid tissue deep to the mucosa surrounding the pharynx that trap and remove bacteria and other foreign pathogens

Answer 14

tonsils

Question 15

results when the tonsils become congested with bacteria

Answer 15

tonsilitis

Question 16

macrophages that destroys and captures bacteria in the intestine

Answer 16

peyer’s patches

Question 17

acts as a sentinel (indicator of the presence of a disease)

Answer 17

mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 18

captures and stores the bacteria of the body

Answer 18

appendix

Question 19

physical, chemical and cellular barriers

Answer 19

innate immunity

Question 20

immunity you develop after being exposed to an infection or from getting a vaccine (chicken pox, covid)

Answer 20

active immunity

Question 21

immunity acquired from someone else or something else

Answer 21

passive immunity

Question 22

first line of defense

Answer 22

surface membrane bariers
(skin and mucous membrane)

Question 23

What protective substances do surface membrane secrete

Answer 23

• acidic secretions
• sebum
• acidic gastric juice
• lysozyme of saliva and tears

Question 24

internal defense / second line of defense

Answer 24

cells and chemicals

Question 25

Controls several types of tumors and microbial infections by limiting their spread and subsequent tissue damage

Answer 25

natural killer cells

Question 26

enzymes being released to degrade target cell contents

Answer 26

perforin and granzymes

Question 27

cardinal signs of inflammatory response

Answer 27

- Redness - Heat - Pain - Swelling (edema)

Question 28

Chemicals that cause blood vessels to dilate

Answer 28

histamine and kinin

Question 29

fused with a lysosome and enzymes to digest the cell's content

Answer 29

phagocytic vesicle

Question 30

Attack microorganisms directly and Hinders the reproduction of microorganisms

Answer 30

antimicrobial proteins

Question 31

holes and pores in cells causing it to burst

Answer 31

membrane attack complexes (MACs)

Question 32

- at least 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the plasma Activated when these plasma proteins encounter and attach to cells (complement fixation)

Answer 32

complement protein

Question 33

Small proteins secreted by virus-infected cells - Bind to membrane receptors on healthy cell surfaces to interfere with the ability of viruses to multiply

Answer 33

interferons

Question 34

Abnormally high body temperature as a systemic response to invasion by microorganisms

Answer 34

fever

Question 35

third line of defense

Answer 35

adaptive defense system

Question 36

recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances

Answer 36

antigen-specific

Question 37

immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site

Answer 37

systemic

Question 38

immune system recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens.

Answer 38

memory

Question 39

antibody-mediated immunity. Provided by antibodies present in body fluids

Answer 39

humoral immunity

Question 40

Target virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and cells of foreign grafts (transplants)

Answer 40

cellular immunity

Question 41

any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response

Answer 41

antigens

Question 42

Presence in another person’s body can trigger an immune response. - reason for transplant rejection

Answer 42

self-antigens

Question 43

When they link up with proteins, the immune system recognize the combination as foreign and respond with an attack

Answer 43

haptens

Question 44

produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity

Answer 44

B lymphocytes

Question 45

constitute the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defenses, do not make antibodies.

Answer 45

T lymphocytes

Question 46

capability to respond to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte’s surface

Answer 46

immunocompetence

Question 47

where T cells develop immunocompetence

Answer 47

thymus

Question 48

Where B cells develop immunocompetence

Answer 48

bone marrow

Question 49

help the lymphocytes but do not respond to specific antigens. - The cells engulf antigens and then present fragments of them on their own surfaces where they can be recognized by T cells.

Answer 49

antigen-presenting cells

Question 50

when B cells encounter antigens and they produce antibodies

Answer 50

active immunity

Question 51

antibodies are obtained from someone else

Answer 51

passive immunity

Question 52

form antigen-binding sites, one on each arm of the T or Y

Answer 52

variable regions

Question 53

determine the type of antibody formed (antibody class).

Answer 53

constant regions

Question 54

Chief antibody ammunition against cellular antigens

Answer 54

complement fixation

Question 55

Antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins or on viruses that can cause cell injury

Answer 55

neutralization

Question 56

Antibody-antigen reaction that causes clumping of cell

Answer 56

agglutination

Question 57

Cross-linking reaction in which antigen-antibody complex settles out of solution

Answer 57

precipitation

Question 58

involves attracting immune cells, like the natural killer, which can kill the cell coated by antibodies.

Answer 58

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Question 59

engulfing or ingestion of the target cells.

Answer 59

phagocytosis

Question 60

involves activating the complement, causing pores to appear in the membranes of the pathogens which allows water to go inside leading to bursting.

Answer 60

Complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Question 61

fight antigens directly. Immunocompetent t cells are activated to make a clone by bonding by recognized antigens

Answer 61

t cells

Question 62

produce toxic agents to kill their targets

Answer 62

cytotoxic T cells

Question 63

Stimulate B cells to make antibodies and stimulate T cells to become active.

Answer 63

helper t cells

Question 64

suppress immune responses

Answer 64

regulatory t cells

Question 65

happens when a tissue is transplanted from one site to another on the same person.

Answer 65

autograft

Question 66

when the tissue is transplanted from a genetically identical person (identical twin

Answer 66

isograft

Question 67

when the tissue is taken other than an identical twin. Most common type of transplant.

Answer 67

allograft

Question 68

when the tissue is taken from a different animal species. Up to date, there is no successful outcome

Answer 68

xenograft

Question 69

abnormally vigorous immune responses. The immune system overreacts to a harmless antigen and tissue damage occurs.

Answer 69

allergies

Question 70

occurs when the body’s self tolerance breaks down. The body produces auto-antibodies and sensitized T lymphocytes that attack its own tissues.

Answer 70

autoimmune diseases

Question 71

may be congenital (patients lack the ability to produce an immune system) or acquired.

Answer 71

immunodeficiency