Lymphatic system

Question 1

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

Fluid balance, fat absorption, defense

Question 2

A fluid enters lymphatic capillaries composed of water and some solutes

Answer 2

Lymph

Question 3

Components of the lymphatic system

Answer 3

Lymph, lymphocytes, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland

Question 3

Carries fluid in one direction from tissues to circulatory system

Answer 3

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 4

• tiny, closed-ended vessels
  
  • fluid moves easily into
  • in most tissues
  • join to form lymphatic vessels

Answer 4

lymphatic capillaries

Question 5

• resemble small veins
  
  • where lymphatic capillaries join
  • one way valves

Answer 5

Lymphatic vessels

Question 6

• where lymphatic vessels from right upper
  limb and right head, neck, chest empty
  
  • empties into right subclavian vein

Answer 6

Right lymphatic duct

Question 7

• rest of body empties from lymphatic
  vessels
  
  • empties into left subclavian vein

Answer 7

Throacic duct

Question 8

This tonsil is located on each side of the oral cavity

Answer 8

Palatine tonsils

Question 9

This tonsil is near internal opening of nasal cavity (adenoid)

Answer 9

Pharyngeal tonsils

Question 10

This tonsil is on the posterior surface of the tongu and forms a proctective ring of lymphatic tissues around nasal and oral cavities

Answer 10

Lingual tonsils

Question 11

rounded structures that vary in size
- located near lymphatic vessels
- groin, armpit, neck
- lymph passes through lymph nodes before
entering blood

Answer 11

Lymph nodes

Question 12

size of clenched fist
- located in abdomen
- filters blood
- detect and respond to foreign substances
- destroy old red blood cells
- blood reservoir

Answer 12

Spleen

Question 13

Lymphatic tissues surrounding arteries

Answer 13

White pulp

Question 14

Contains macrophages and RBC that connects to veins

Answer 14

red pulp

Question 15

• bilobed gland
  
  • located in mediastinum behind the sternum
  • stops growing at age 1
  • at age 60 decreases in size
  • produces and matures lymphocytes

Answer 15

Thymus gland

Question 16

ability to resist damage from foreign substances

Answer 16

Immunity

Question 17

Types of immunity

Answer 17

Innate and adaptive

Question 18

This type of immunity is present at birth
- defense against any pathogen
- accomplished by physical barriers,
chemical mediators, cells, inflammatory
response

Answer 18

Innate immunity

Question 19

First line of defense

Answer 19

Physical barriers

Question 20

Examples of physical barriers

Answer 20

Skin and mucous membranes to act as barriers
Tears, saliva, urine wash away pathogens

Question 21

chemicals that can kill microbes and prevent their entry into cells

Answer 21

Chemical Mediators

Question 22

A type of chemical mediator that is found in tears and saliva to kill bacteria

Answer 22

Lysozyme

Question 23

A type of chemcial mediator that is prevents entry of microbes

Answer 23

Mucous membrane

Question 24

A chemcial mediator that prmotes inflammation by causing vasolidation

Answer 24

Histamine

Question 25

A type of chemical mediator that are proteins that protect against viral infections by stimulating surrounding cells to produce antiviral proteins

Answer 25

Interferons

Question 26

produce in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue that fight foreign substances

Answer 26

WBC

Question 27

ingest and destroy foreign substances

Answer 27

Phagocytic cells

Question 28

first to respond to infection but die quickly

Answer 28

Neutrophils

Question 29

- monocytes - leave blood and enter tissues - can ingest more than neutrophils - protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen and liver - given specific names for certain areas of body (Kupffer cells in liver)

Answer 29

Macrophages

Question 30

- made in red bone marrow - leave blood and enter infected tissues - can release histamine

Answer 30

Basophils

Question 31

- made in red bone marrow - found in skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract - can release leukotrienes

Answer 31

Mast cells

Question 32

- produced in red bone marrow - release chemicals to reduce inflammation

Answer 32

Eosinophils

Question 33

- type of lymphocyte - produce in red bone marrow - recognize classes of cells such as tumor cells or virus infected cells - release chemicals to lysis cells

Answer 33

Natural Killer Cells

Question 34

- involves chemical and cells due to injury - signaled by presence of foreign substance - stimulates release of chemical mediators

Answer 34

Inflammatory response

Question 35

A type of immunity which defense involves specific recognition to a specific antigen, and is acquired after brith

Answer 35

Adaptive immunity

Question 36

- reacts when innate defenses don’t work - slower than innate immunity - has memory - uses lymphocytes (B and T cells) - 2 types antibody-mediated and cell- mediated

Answer 36

Adaptive immunity

Question 37

Substances that stimulate immune response

Answer 37

Antigen

Question 38

Type of antigen that is introduced from outside of the body

Answer 38

Foreign antigen

Question 39

– involves a group of lymphocytes called B cells and antibodies found in the plasma

Answer 39

Antibody- mediated immunity

Question 40

A type of antigen molecules the body produces to stimulate an immune system response

Answer 40

Self-antigen

Question 41

proteins the body produces in response to an antigen; produced by plasma cells, which are derived from B cells

Answer 41

Antibodies

Question 42

involves the actions of a second type of lymphocyte, called T cells

Answer 42

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 43

-Live in red bone marrow -Give rise to all blood cells -Give rise to some pre-T cells and pre-B cells

Answer 43

Stem cells

Question 44

A type of WBC -involved in adaptive immunity - developed from stem cells -differentiated into specific lymphocytes such as B or T cells

Answer 44

Lymphocytes

Question 45

- Type of lymphocytes - involved in antibody-mediated immunity -originate from stem cells -mature in RBC - lead to productions of antibodies

Answer 45

B cells

Question 46

- Involved in cell-mediated immunity -mature in thymus gland -move to lymphatic tissue after mature

Answer 46

T cells