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BIOL 2302 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of?

A

Cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system

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2
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

The lymphatic vessels and the lymphoid organs

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3
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

return excess fluid to the intracellular space to the venous circulation and serve as the anatomical seat of the immune system

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4
Q

What are lymphatic vessels similar to?

A

Veins

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5
Q

What are the smallest lymphatic vessels?

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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6
Q

When lymphatic capillaries join what are they called?

A

Lymphatic collecting vessels

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7
Q

When lymphatic collecting vessels join what do they form/

A

Lymphatic trunks and ducts

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8
Q

Where do lymphatic trunk empty?

A

venous circulation near the heart

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9
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries?

A

blind ended vessels that form networks mirroring the structure of cardiovascular capillaries

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10
Q

What kind of tissue lines the walls of the lymphatic capillaries?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelial

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11
Q

What form the simple valves?

A

the cells at the end of the lymphatic capillaries overlap

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12
Q

How do the simple valves open?

A

the hydrostatic pressure from the interstitial space presses on the unarchored portion of teh capillary walls making the valves open

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13
Q

How do the simple valves connect to the surrounding connective tissue?

A

The collagen filaments anchor them there

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14
Q

Where does the excess interstitial fluid flow?

A

Into the capillary and flows away from the blind end

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15
Q

Once the fluid enters the lymphatic vessel what is it called?

A

Lymph

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16
Q

What is lymph’s composition similar to?

A

Plasma with much less protein

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17
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the intestinal mucosa absorb lipid globules

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18
Q

What is chyle?

A

lipid globules suspended in lymph form; a milky fluid

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19
Q

Where is chyle transported?

A

to the venous system

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20
Q

Where are lipids processed?

A

The Liver

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21
Q

Lymphatic collecting vessels have the same three tunics as veins.

A

True

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22
Q

Collecting vessels also have valves similar to those in veins?

A

True

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23
Q

How does the transport of lymph operate ?

A

Skeletal Muscle Pump and the Respiratory Pump

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24
Q

Where do lymphatic trunks drain?

A

Lumbar; Bronchomidiastinal; Subclavian; Jugular; Intestinal (all but intestinal trunk are paired)

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25
Where do lymphatic trunks empty into?
Two ducts in the thoracic region
26
What are the two ducts in the thoracic region ?
Right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct
27
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?
it drains into the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
28
Where does the thoracic duct drain?
the rest of the body
29
What is the Cisterna Chyli
an enlarged sac where the thoracic duct arises from
30
Where does each duct empty into?
The junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins on its side of the body
31
What are lymphocytes?
leukocytes; main functional lymphoid cells
32
What are the lymphocytes divided into?
T-lymphocytes & B -lymphocytes
33
Where do lymphocytes circulate?
in lymph
34
Where are lymphocytes found?
in diffuse lymphoid tissues and the walls of the lymphoid organs
35
What is diffuse lypmhoid tissue composed of?
reticular connective tissue ; housing circulating lymphocytes
36
Where are diffuse lymphoid tissue found?
every organ
37
What are lymphoid follicles ?
spherical collections of lymphoid tissue without a fibrous capsule
38
How are lympoid follicles arranged?
around germinal centers containing dendritic cells and lymphocytes
39
What are germinal centers?
The site of proliferation of b-lymphocytes during an immune response
40
What are the lymphoid organs?
Lymph nodes ; spleen ; thymus ; tonsils ; Peyer's patches ; Appendix
41
What are lymph nodes?
packets of lymphoid follicles surrounded by a fibrous capsule
42
Where are lymph nodes found?
along lymphatic vessels and clustered in the inguinal ; cervical ; and axillary regions
43
What do lymph nodes do?
they act to filter lymph of debris and they house macrophages and lymphocytes that act in immune respones
44
What do macrophages do?
they digest debris from lymph
45
Cortex contains ______ while medulla contains _______.
Follicles ; medullary cords
46
Why is flow slowed down?
Because afferent vessels outnumber efferent vessels
47
What are lymph sinuses ?
reticular fibers criss-cross the spaces around the follicles
48
Where do B-lymphocytes predominate?
in the cortex and act as sentries for the immune response
49
What happens when B-lymphocytes are activated?
they migrate to the medulla and proliferate, and produce plasma cells
50
Where do T-lymphocytes predominate?
in the medulla
51
When activated T-lymphocytes do what?
circulate continuously between lymphatic; cardiovascular and tissues
52
What is the largest lymphoid organ?
the Spleen
53
Where is the spleen located?
next to the greater curvature of the stomach
54
What is the function of the spleen?
lymphocyte proliferation and erythrocyte recycling
55
What is white pulp?
Lymphocytes suspended on reticular tissue
56
What is red pulp composed of?
venous sinuses
57
What perform immune surveillance?
lymphocytes and macrophpages
58
What does the spleen store?
blood platelets and breakdown products of erythrocytes for recycling
59
Where is the site for erythrocyte production in fetus
Spleen
60
What is a bilobed organ that secretes (thymosin and thymopoietin) that cause t lymphocytes to become immunocompetent?
Thymus
61
Does the size of the thymus vary with age?
yes
62
In infants where is the thymus located?
it is found in the inferior neck and extends into the mediastinum where it partially overlies the heart
63
Does it increase in size and is most active during childhood?
yes
64
Why does the immune system weaken as we get older?
Because it stops growing during adolescence and then gradually atrophies
65
How does the thymus differ from other lymphoid organs?
It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation ; and it does not directly fight antigens
66
What does the stroma of the thymus consist of?
Star shaped epithelial cells (not reticular fibers)
67
What do thymocytes do?
secrete the hormones that stimulate lymphocytes to become immunocompetent
68
What is the simplest lymphoid organs?
Tonsils
69
Where are the tonsils locatead?
they form a ring of lymphatic tissue around the pharynx
70
What are the different types of tonsils?
Palatine ; lingual ; pharyngeal ; tubal
71
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
either side of the posterior end of the oral cavity
72
Where are the lingual tonsils located?
they lie at the base of the tongue
73
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
posterior wall of the nasopharynx
74
Where are the tubal tonsils located?
surround the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx
75
What do the lymphoid tissue of tonsils contain?
Follicles with germinal centers
76
Tonsil masses are not fully encapsulated
True
77
How are blind-ended crypts formed?
epithelial tissue overlying tonsil masses invaginates
78
What do the blind -ended crypts do?
They trap and destroy bacteria and particulate matter
79
Adenoids are a type of tonsil
TRUE
80
What are Peyer's patches?
isolated clusters of lymphoid tissue similar to tonsils
81
Where are Peyer's patches found?
in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine (similar structures are found in the appendix
82
What are the functions of peyers patches and the appendix
they destroy bacteria, preventing them from breaching the intestinal wall. Generate "memory" lymphocytes for long - term immunity
83
Peyer's patches and tonsils are part of a widespread patter of what?
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
84
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) represents what?
A first line defense against invasion by bacteria and viruses
85
Where is MALT located?
walls of the bronchii

BIOL 2302 (3 decks)

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