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A&P > Lymphatic system and immunity Ch 20 > Flashcards

Lymphatic system and immunity Ch 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

the major lymphatic vessel that drains the right inferior side of the body is the

A

thoracic duct

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2
Q

Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?

A

innate external defenses

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3
Q

Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system?

A

innate internal defenses

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4
Q

What cells make antibodies?

A

plasma B cells

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5
Q

What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?

A

an antigenic determinant

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6
Q

What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient?

A

humoral immunity

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7
Q

If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?

A

cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)

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8
Q

Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?

A

cytotoxic T cells

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9
Q

which cell type is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

A

Helper T cells

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10
Q

Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit

A

a primary immune response

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11
Q

antibodies can bind to viral proteins, animal venoms, and bacterial toxins, rendering them inactive, by a process known as _

A

neutralization

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12
Q

which of the following disorders is NOT a type of hypersensitivity?

A

immunodeficiency hypersensitivity

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13
Q

autoimmune diseases are disorders where the immune system fails to distinguish _ from foreign ones

A

self antigens

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14
Q

passive immunity provided to newborns through the placenta belong to the __ class of immunoglobulins

A

IgG

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15
Q

Cell-mediated immunity responds to

A

cancer cells

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16
Q

what protein, released by cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, perforates a target cell’s plasma membrane so that enzymes can enter and fragment the target cell’s DNA?

A

perforins

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17
Q

mucous membranes and tears contain antimicrobial substances such as __

A

IgA

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18
Q

which of the following immune responses is NOT associated with the common cold?

A

neutrophils enter the area in large numbers and phagocytize bacteria

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19
Q

what is a determinant for organ compatibility and rejection of transplants?

A

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules

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20
Q

Approx. 75-80% of circulating antibodies in serum are __

A

IgG

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21
Q

Where do T cells become immunocompetent?

A

Thymus

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22
Q

What cells decline in number during the final phase of HIV-1 infection, when an individual is said to have AIDS?

A

Helper T (Th) cells

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23
Q

Activated B cells differentiate into __

A

plasma cells and memory B cells

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24
Q

Which of the following statements are true of class 1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?

A

Class 1 MHC molecules present endogenous antigens

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25
T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are largely involved in scanning the cells in the body for tumor antigens, a function known as _
immune surveillance
26
what type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection?
Helper T (Th) cells
27
The antibody IgE directly triggers _
inflammation
28
Blood transfusions between incompatible blood types results in __
type II, or antibody-mediated, hypersensitivity
29
Cells that de-differentiate, lose cell cycle control, and lose their attachment to the surrounding cells, are known as __
Cancer cells
30
cytotoxic T cells are also known as __
CD8 cells
31
__ cells are required for almost all parts of the innate and adaptive immune responses to function properly.
Th
32
__ , cells that have not yet encountered their specific antigens, reside in the blood, lymphoid organs, or other lymphatic tissue.
Naïve T cells
33
The reason why some vaccines require booster shots is because they are __
inactivated vaccines
34
B cells develop and mature in the __
bone marrow
35
which of the following is NOT one of the five classes of antibodies?
IgK
36
The primary immune response can take up to _ for the antibody to peak, whereas the secondary immune response can take up to __ for the antibody to peak.
7-14 days; 3-5 days
37
a systemic release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators leads to the most dramatic immediate hypersensitivity reaction known as ___
anaphylactic shock
38
which of the following processes is NOT a function of antibodies?
Phagocytosis
39
chemical signals produced by leukocytes that affect other leukocytes are
Interluekins
40
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) include the _
tonsils
41
which lymph trunks receive lymph from the upper limbs?
subclavian trunks
42
lymph from the thoracic cavity is drained by the __ trunks
bronchomediastinal
43
the lymphatic organ that protects us from pathogens in our blood is the __
spleen
44
the only lymphatic organ with afferent lymphatic vessels is the _
lymph node
45
lymph draining into lymphatic vessels from the right leg to the bloodstream would travel along the following path:
right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
46
which region is not drained by the right lymphatic duct?
right side of the abdomen
47
the lymph from the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct empty into the __
subclavian veins
48
lymph is most closely related to __
interstitial fluid
49
what cells display portions of the pathogens (antigens) they ingest on their plasma membranes?
antigen-presenting cells
50
which of the following lists the body's first, second, and third line of defense in order?
surface barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity
51
the lymphoid organ that is the site of maturation of T-lymphocytes is the __
thymus
52
the largest lymphatic duct, which runs along the anterior vertebral column, is the __
thoracic duct
53
the second line of defense consists of responses of the cells and proteins that make up __
innate immunity
54
all immune cells of the lymphatic system originate in the __
bone marrow
55
what are the primary cells of adaptive immunity?
lymphocytes
56
___ will increase their oxygen consumption when activated, known as respiratory burst, allowing them to create chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide
neutrophils
57
which of the following molecules is NOT a cytokine involved in innate immunity?
opsonins
58
which of the following components is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense?
antibody
59
the cisterna chyli receive lymph drained from the ___
interstitial and lumbar trunks
60
__ will inhibit the ability of pathogens to infect other cells
interferons
61
clusters of lymph nodes found under the arms are the
axillary lymph nodes
62
which of the following basic functions is NOT associated with the lymphatic system?
transport of blood
63
the system that contains no organs or tissues of its own but instead consists of proteins and cells located in the blood is known as the __ system.
immune
64
which lymphatic organ contains both red pulp and white pulp?
spleen
65
which type of cell is most effective in attacking parasitic pathogens such as tapeworms?
eosinophils
66
specialized lymphatic capillaries known as __ absorb dietary fats in the small intestine.
lacteals
67
specialized clusters of MALT known as Peyer's patches are found in the __
small intestine
68
how long after initial tissue damage does leukocytosis occur?
3-4 days
69
acquired immunity allows for immunological memory in which lymphocytes respond to specific antigens during a lifetime. another name for acquired immunity is __
adaptive immunity
70
which of the following cells is NOT found in most lymphoid tissues?
chondrocytes
71
dead leukocytes, dead tissue cells, and fluid can all accumulate to form __
pus
72
pyrogens act on the __ and disrupts the body's thermostat.
hypothalamus
73
MALT is an acronym for __ in the lymphatic system
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
74
the deep indents that trap bacteria in the epithelium lining the tonsils are known as __
crypts
75
which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system?
thymus
76
the lymphatic organ that atrophies as we age is the __
thymus
77
removal of which of the following lymphoid organs would be most detrimental to immune function in an infant?
thymus
78
where are pathogens filtered from lymph?
lymph nodes
79
what mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) traps pathogens entering the nasal and oral cavities?
tonsils
80
fluid found in lymphatic vessels is known as __
lymph
81
surface barriers, such as cutaneous and mucous membranes, serve the immune system as the __
first line of defense
82
all of the following structures are tonsils except:
hypoglossal tonsils
83
which of the following symptoms is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
Cold
84
found in secretions such as breast milk and saliva
IgA
85
the only antibody not secreted in significant amounts by B cells
IgD
86
Binds antigens associated with parasitic pathogens and allergens
IgE
87
The only antibody that can cross the placenta from mother to fetus
IgG
88
The first antibody secreted upon exposure to an antigen
IgM

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