Lymphatics Flashcards
(37 cards)
What year did Olaf Rudbeck first describe lymphatics as a system?
1653
What did AT Still do in 1874?
Emphasized that diagnosis of the fascia and treatment of the lymphatic system was vital for maintaining health and treating disease
What did the faculty in Kirksville do in 1898?
Faculty used skiagraphy (early form of x-ray) to research the distribution of the vascular and lymphatic systems
What did Frederic Millard do in 1922?
Published “Applied Anatomy of the Lymphatics”
What is considered lymphatic tissues/organs?
Spleen, liver, thymus, tonsils, appendix, visceral lymphoid tissue, lymph nodes
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Major role in numerous homeostatic mechanisms of the body, including immune, digestive, fluid balance, and waste
When does the lymphatic system begin to develop embryologically?
5th week
What parts of the lymphatic system come from mesoderm? Endoderm?
Mesoderm: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, myeloid tissue
Endoderm: thymus and parts of the tonsils
When does the lymphoid tissue mature?
At puberty, but then slowly regresses until age 15-16 before it becomes stable throughout the adult lifespan
How much fluid moves from the capillaries to the interstitial space each day?
30 Liters; 90% to capillaries and 10% to lymphatic system; 1/2 of diffused plasma proteins re-enter system via lymph
Where does lymph go?
Tissues that do NOT have lymphatic vessels; epidermis (including hair and nails), endomysium of muscle, cartilage, and bone marrow
What is the path of lymph through the lymphatic vessels?
Terminal lymphatics -> collecting vessels -> afferent lymph vessels -> lymph nodes -> efferent lymph vessels -> lymphatic trunks -> thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct -> venous system
What are lymphangions?
Muscular units with bicuspid valves that contract regularly throughout the lymphatic system and moving lymph in peristaltic waves
What are afferent or prenodal vessels?
Collecting vessels prior to lymph node
What are efferent or postnodal vessels?
Collecting vessels draining the lymph node
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Filtration of lymph fluid, maturation of lymphocytes, and phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris
What does the lumbar lymphatic trunk drain?
Drains lymph from lower limbs and pelvic organs
What does the intestinal lymphatic trunk drain?
Drains abdominal viscera
What does the bronchomediastinal trunk drain?
Drains portions of thorax
What does the subclavian trunk drain?
Drains upper limbs
What does the jugular trunk drain?
Drains portions of neck and head
What is located at the level of L1-L2?
Cisterna chyli; gives rise to thoracic duct and drains lymphatic trunks of lower body
Where does the thoracic duct drain to?
Left subclavian and left jugular veins
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain to?
Empties at right subclavian and right internal jugular venous junction
