Lymphoma Flashcards
(57 cards)
How do lymphomas differ in general from leukemias?
they start in the lymph nodes (not the bone marrow) and can only be lymphoid
What are the two general classifications for the lymphomas?
Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s
Just to stay grounded…what’s the most common cause of lymphadenopathy? What’s the most common malignant cause of lymphadenopathy?
benign reaction to infection
metastatic carcinoma
What forms in the lymph nodes with antigen stimulation?
secondary follicles - germinal centers
What do we call the dark ring around one half of the germinal center?
mantle zone
What type of macrophages are located near the mantle zones of germinal centers and get stuffed with debris?
tingible body macropahges
WHat do you call it when there’s a collection of large irregular follicles that have a mixture of cells and tingible body macrophages in a B-cell response to an immune stimulus?
benign follicular hyperplasia
What do you call it when you have proliferation BETWEEN follicles?
benign interfollicular hyperplasia
What does “partial effacement” mean in the context of interfollicular hyperplasia?
it means the lymph nodes is not completely replaced in the proliferation process (if it was, that wouldn’t be benign)
How does an interfollicular hyperplasia differ from a benign follicular hyperplasia (bsides where the proliferation occurs)?
follicular = B cell interfollicular = T cell
Does NHL follow a predictable progression, or does it jump around?
it jumps around - this makes it hard to treat
Is NHL mostly B cell or T cell?
B cell
What are the symptoms of NHL?
painless but firm lymphadeopathy
extranodal manifestations
“b symptoms” - weight loss, night sweats, fever
If you don’t have B symptoms, what’s your classification? Better or worse prognosis?
A -better prognosis
How do low-grade and high-grade NHLs differ?
low: older patients, indolent (indurable), small, mature cells, non-destructive
high: can be younger patietns, aggressive (but sometimes curable), big, ugly cells, destructive
What are the four types of low grade NHL?
small lymphocytic lymphoma
malt lymphoma
follicular lymphoma
mycosis funngoides
What are the 3 high grade NHL?
large cell lymphoma
lymphoblastic lymphoma
burkitt lymphoma
What is small lymphocytic lymphoma the same as?
CLL!
it’s small mature lymphocytes, B-cells with CD5+ markers, long course, death from infection
What transformation can low grad elymphomas undergo to become a high grade lymphoma?
the Richter transformation - not a good thing
Describe marginal zone lymphoma.
It’s actually a bunch of lymphomas, but you see a marginal zone pattern of staining (an area of light-staining around a germinal center) in the lymph nodes (when normally it’s just in the spleen).
What’s the most common type of marginal zone lymphoma?
Malt lymphoma
What’s the odd treatment if you catch malt lymphoma early?
Give antibiotics against H. pylori and many of them are completely cured - biazarre
Describe mantle cel llymphoma.
you have small angulated lymphocytes in mantle zone patterns
What’s the genetic abnormality in mantle cell lymphoma?
t(11:14) - you get cyclin D paired with an IgH, which is constitutively expressed, so you get constant expression of cyclin D, which helps the cell continue thoruhg the cell cycle
