Lymphomas

Question 1

Functions of the Lymphatic system

Answer 1

-Maintain fluid levels
-Houses immune system
-Absorb digestive tract fats
-Removing cellular waste

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 2

-Low pressure, one-way valved, c/ collecting ducts that empty into thoracic duct-subclavian vein-blood stream

Question 3

Lymphatic Fluid

Answer 3

-Contains extracellular fluid, nutrients, damaged cells, foreign invaders, WBCS…

Question 4

Spleen

Answer 4

-Largest lymphatic organ
-Filters and stores blood and provokes WBC
-B and T cell

Question 5

Thymus

Answer 5

Matures T cells

Question 6

Tonsils and adenoids

Answer 6

trap pathogens from food and air

Question 7

Bone marrow

Answer 7

hematopoiesis: produce WBC, platelets, RBCs

Question 8

Peyer’s Patches

Answer 8

-Patches of lymphoid tissue in mucous membranes of small intenstine

Question 9

Appendix

Answer 9

-Protects intestines from bacteria prior to absorption and housing ‘good bacteria’

Question 10

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 10

-swollen nodes
-Infection (strep, mono, HIV, skin wounds)
-Inflammation (lymphadenitis)
-Anything >1cm or palpable
-Persistent x2 weeks

Question 11

Lymphedema

Answer 11

-Fluid accumulation from block due to scar tissue or removal via surgery/radiation
-Can be painful or disfiguring and risk infection

Question 12

Cancer can be non-lymphatic or lymphatic

Question 13

Supraclavicular Node: Virchow’s Node

Answer 13

-Metastatic gastric cancer

Question 14

Lymphoma

Answer 14

-Rubbery, conglomerate, non-tender, fixed
-Lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
-B symptoms
-Symptoms related to organ involvement (SVC syndrome, abd pain, nerve compression, bone marrow)
-Most

Question 15

B symptoms

Answer 15

-Cyclical, nocturnal fevers
-Drenching night sweats
-Weight loss >10%
-Fatigue

Question 16

SVC syndrome

Answer 16

venous distension, facial swelling, distended neck veins, cough, dyspnea, orthopnea, UE swelling, collaterals

Question 17

Lymphatic system work up

Answer 17

-CBC (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis-smear, flow cytometry)
-CMP (hypercalcemia)
-Increased LDH
-Increased ESR
-PET-CT
-Biopsy (excesional>core>FNA)
-Bone marrow biopsy

Question 18

Reed sternberg cells

Answer 18

-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 19

B cell lymphoma

Answer 19

malignant B-cells frozen at particular stage of differentiation due to DNA damage (toxins, random, immune supp…); different types of lymphoma cells will have different cytologic features, protein markers

Question 20

T cells

Answer 20

move to thymus to mature before moving to lymph tissue to function in inflammatory response, mediate direct cytotoxicity against virus or cancer infected cells, or assist B-cells;

Question 21

Hematopoiesis

Answer 21

-The formation of blood cellular components-to produce and replenish the blood system.
-Occurs within the hematopoietic system-includes organs, tissues such as the bone marrow, liver and spleen