Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology > Lymphomas > Flashcards

Lymphomas Flashcards

1
Q

What are lymphomas

A

Neoplasms of lymphoid origin, typically causing lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

According to WHO in 2001, lymphomas are classified into

A

Hodgkin’s and Non hodgkin’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Non hodgkins lymphoma are further divided into

A

B-cell neoplasms :precursor and mature
T cell and Nk neoplasms: p and m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Risk factors for NHL

A

FI³C
Family history of lymphoma
Ionising radiation
Infectious agents
Immunosuppression
Connective tissue disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical manifestations of lymphoma

A

Be very SLICK when talking about lymphoma: V-SLC
VARIABLE
Could be symptomatic or asymptomatic
Time course- could evolve over weeks, months,even years.
SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION
Constitutional symptoms like fever, night sweats,weight loss
LOCALISED MANIFESTATION
lymphadenopathy,splenomegaly most common
Any tissue can be infiltrated
Other COMPLICATIONS
Immune hemolysis
Bm failure
Cns infiltration pleural/pericardial effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

For lymphomas, diagnosis MUST be biopsy proven before initiating therapy and must be Confirmed by Immunopenotyping. T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gold standard for lymphoma diagnosis

A

Excisional/incisional biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the trephine methods that can be used for lymphoma diagnosis

A

Core needle vs open vs fine needle aspiration biopsy
Necessary because enough tissue is needed to assess cells and architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Staging of hodgkins lymphoma

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The three common lymphomas include, which is the commonest

A

Follicular lymphoma
Diffuse large b cell lymphoma -commonest
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the indolent lymphomas

A

Slowly follow the margin
Small lymphocytic lymphoma
Lymphoplasmacytic and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Follicular lymphoma
Marginal zone Bcell malt and nodal lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common indolent lynphoma

A

Follicular lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma was discovered by ?

A

Thomas Hodgkins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell of origin of hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Germinal center B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Remember the REAL classification of hodgkins lymphoma

A

Classical and non classical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In hodgkin’s lymphoma, most cells are neoplastic cells rather than polyclonal reactive lymphoid cells . T/f

A

F…most are polyclonal reactive lymphoid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Epidemiology of hodgkins lymphoma

A

Less frequent than NHL
Male predilection
Peak incidence at 3rd decade of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Associated or etiology factors of hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Shope is the cause of hodgkin’s lymphoma
S- small family size
H-higher socioeconomic status
O-others like hiv, herbicides,occupation
P-possible genetic predisposition
E-EBV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The bimodal age distribution of hodgkins lymphoma is between

A

20-30yrs for young adults
>50 yrs for elderly
However may occur at any age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the lymphadenopathy in hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

CAPENERs SIGN
C-Cervical region
A-Asymmetrical, discreete
P-Painless, non tender
E-Elastic character on palpation
N-Non adherent to skin
E-fluctuant in size
R-Rare extranodal involvement
S- Spleen and liver enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Investigations for hodgkins lymphoma

A

Fbc- anemia (normochromic, normocytic) , neutrophils, eosinophilia, lymphopenia
Raised Esr
Lft and renal fxn test before therapy
BMA
Increased urate, calcium

22
Q

On doing chest x-ray, a mediastinal mass was found. This is typically seen in what lymphoma

A

Hodgkins

23
Q

Clinical manifestations of hodgkins lymphoma

A

Lymphadenopathy
Contiguous spread
Rare extra nodal involvement.
B symptoms
3Ps: pallor
Pruritus
Pain at the site of disease after drinking alcohol

24
Q

What are the B symptoms

A

Drenching night sweats
Sustained fever>38 degrees
Weight loss>10% of body weight in 6 months

25
Q

The fever in hodgkins lymphoma is sometimes referred to as

A

Cyclical. Pel Ebstein fever

26
Q

Pel Ebstein fever is a feature of

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

27
Q

Most suitable treatment regimen for hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

A-adreomycin
B-bleomycin
V-Vinblastin
D-dacarbazine
Others include

M-nitogen mustard
O-oncoven
P-prednisone
P-Procarbazine

Copp

28
Q

The ABVD regimen poses a higher risk of developing infertility than MOPP and thus counselling should be included in therapy. T/f

A

F…Mopp rather has a higher risk

29
Q

Complications of treatment

A

Infertility
Premature menopause
Secondary Malignancy like skin aml breast etc
Cardiac disease

30
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma is more common than non hodgkin’s. T/f

A

F

31
Q

Epidemiology of NHL

A

Median age-65-70yrs
M>F
B-cell 70%..T cell 30%

32
Q

When On Snapchat, Remember the clinical features of NHL

A

Widely disseminated at presentation
Hepatosplenomegaly.
Extranodal involvement
Nodal involvement
On …most common
Snap..Systemic symptoms
Chat ….compression syndrome

33
Q

Extranodal involvement of Nhl

A

Intestinal lymphoma-abd pain, dysphagia, anemia
Cns- headache, cranial nerve palsy, sc compression
Lung, skin, testes,thyroid
Bone marrow, low grade

34
Q

Systemic symptoms of Nhl

A

Sweating
Weight loss
Pruritus
Metabolic complications like hyperyricemia, calcemia,renal failure

35
Q

Compression syndrome In Nhl

A

Gut obstruction
Ascites
Svc obstruction
Spinal cord compression

36
Q

Investigations for Nhl

A

Similar to HD
Bma +aspiration
Immunophenotyping
B cell antigens(CD19, 20,22)
T cell antigens(CD 2, 3,5,7)
Hiv

37
Q

Systems of classification of NHL

A

REAL
Clinical/working formulation;
Low grade? Remember
Intermediate
High grade?

38
Q

Etiology of Nhl

A

Cannot be attributed to a single cause
Chromosomal translocation t(14,18)
Infections like EBV,HIV,HTLV,HHV8
Bacteria like H.pylori in gastric lymphoma
Immunodeficiency

39
Q

Management of Nhl

A

Asymptomatic, no treatment
Radiotherapy for localised disease(stage 1)
Chemotherapy: Chlorambucil is the mainstay, however repeated relapses median survival 6-10yrs
Fludarabine, 2 cda newer
Rituximab
Sct/Bmt

40
Q

Treatment regimen for high/intermediate grade Nhl

A

R-CHOP
R Rituximab
C cyclophosphamide
H doxorubicin hydrochloride
O-oncovin/vincristine
P prednisone

41
Q

Other chemotherapy combos for nhl

A

Rice
Coap.
Epoch

42
Q

Distribution of nodes for nhl is centripetal whereas HD is centrifugal t/f

A

F…HD is centripetal

43
Q

Differences between hl and nhl

A

Look at picture

44
Q

Nhl illustrates the concept of lymphoma/leukemia .t/f

A

True

45
Q

Two important things to know about Burkitts

A

The neoplastic cells are B lymphoblasts with translocations of c-myc oncogene in chromosome 8q

Characteristic starry sky appearance

46
Q

The two types of burkitts are? What are their differences

A

Endemic and non endemic(sporadic)
Differences..5

47
Q

The doubling time of burkitts lymphoma is about

A

26hrs

48
Q

Clinical features of burkitts lymphoma

A

Usually involves greater than 1 site at presentation
Commonly mandible,maxilla, abdomen and pelvis, gonads
Destruction of jaw bones- loosening of teeth
Dental anarchy and loss of dental lamina dura

49
Q

The most frequent Cytogenetics translocation in burkitts

A

t(8,14)
Others include t(2,8)..t(8,22)

50
Q

Pathogenesis of Burkitts lymphoma

A

Cmyc oncogene is translocated on a b lymphocyte as a chance event, probably a mutation
Ebv infects ad immortalises the b cells
Malaria stimulates the immortalised b cells o proliferate and produce antibodies. Leading to uncontrolled proliferation of b cell clone -burkitts lymphoma

51
Q

Treatment of burkitts lymphoma

A

Prevent and treat tumor lysis effects
Endemic burkitts- Coap
Cyclophosphamide
Oncovin
Cytosine arabinosie
Prednisone

With intrathecal methotrexate or cytosar

Hematology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions