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Heme Midterm 3 > Lymphomas > Flashcards

Lymphomas Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what histologic feature is preserved with a benign lymphadenopathy?

A

normal node architecture is preserved

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2
Q

follicular hyperplasia cell type and a response to what?

A

b cell proliferation because of need for antibody production due to an infection

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3
Q

what is enlarged in follicular hyperplasia?

A

germinal centers…growing dem B cells

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4
Q

cell markers of benign lymphadenopathy growth

A

kappa and lambda markers for B cells

CD4 and CD8 cells..not cells with both markers

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5
Q

what is the driving factor for paracortical hyperplasia and what cell is growing?

A

need for cell mediated immunity and needing more T cells

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6
Q

what are histiocytes?

A

tissue macrophages in sinus of lymph nodes

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7
Q

sinus hystiocytosis cause

A

increased need for APCs leads to increase in histiocytes in lymph node…lymphadenopathy due to growing sinuss

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8
Q

5 infectious risk factors for lymphoma

A 
HIV
helicobacter pylori
Hep B
Hep C
EBV
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9
Q

what class of diseases can increase lymphoma risk?

A

an diseases or treatment that leads to immune suppression or compromise

SCID…HIV

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10
Q

3 toxic chemicals in that increase risk of lymphoma

A

pesticides, herbicides and benzene

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11
Q

what about B cells makes classifying cancer so difficult?

A

B cells can be malignant at any stage of their development

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12
Q

low grade lymphomas

A

small lymphocytic

follicular small cleaved lymphoma

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13
Q

intermediate grade lymphoma

A

diffuse large cell lymphoma

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14
Q

high grade lymphomas

A

burkitt

lymphoblastic

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15
Q

what histologic feature do you lose in lymphomas

A

architecture of the node..no germinal centers or sinuses

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16
Q

SLL

A

small lymphocytic lymphoma

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17
Q

SLL grade

A

LOW

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18
Q

cell markers for SLL

A

CD23 and CD5…B cells will be either kappa or lambdo…not a mix of both

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19
Q

cytogenetics of SLL with good prognosis

A

13q14

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20
Q

cytogenetics of SLL with bad prognosis

A

trisomy 12

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21
Q

what ages for SLL?

A

all older patients!!!

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22
Q

is SLL curable?

A

nah…like CLL

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23
Q

follicular lymphoma cell type, age group and grade

A

Mature B cells
Adults and elderly
LOW GRADE

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24
Q

cytogenetics for follicular lymphoma

A

t(14;18)

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25
what gene is moved with t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma?
BCL2 in front of IgH region
26
B cell markers in follicular lymphoma
CD19,20,22 CD10 kappa or lambda...no mix
27
is follicular lymphoma curable?
no...indolent course
28
what can follicular lymphoma progress to?
progress to diffuse large cell lymphoma
29
What cell is malignant in mantle cell lymphoma?
B cell
30
what is the histologic marker for mantle cell lymphoma?
will see larger histiocytes mixed in with the malignant B cells
31
mantle cell grading and treatment
it is incurable...like low grade but aggressive like a intermediate grade cancer leads to bad prognosis
32
mantle cell B cell markers
CD5, CD19 positive CD23 and CD10 negative one of either kappa or lambda chains...never both
33
mantle cell lymphoma cytogenetics
t(11;14)
34
what gene does t(11;14) translocate?
cyclin D1 in front of IgH...tumor will express high cyclin D1 levels
35
what can you do in mantle cell lymphoma with the cytogenetics to diagnose?
can actually do a stain for cyclin D1 and will see increased staining
36
what age does diffuse large B cell lymphoma affect?
any age...kids and adults
37
can DLBCL be cured? what is the grade?
yes...intermediate grade
38
what is unique about DLBCL in its onset?
often noticed in places other than nodes...brain and GI
39
what gene alteration is associated with DLBCL?
Bcl-6
40
grade of Burkitts lymphoma?
HIGH
41
what is the endemic form of burkitts lymphoma caused by? and where is this mainly?
EBV in africa
42
what age does burkitts lymphoma infect?
mainly kids...but can be adults, especially those with HIV
43
cytogenetic alterations of burkitts lymphoma
t(8;14), t(2;8), or t(8;22)
44
what gene is affected in Burkitts lymphoma?
c-myc, a protooncogene
45
what cell is the burkitts lymphoma?
mature B cell
46
what is the histiologic feature of Burkitts lymphoma and what causes it?
called starry sky from the macros with debris around them
47
what unique feature do the B cells have in bone marrow from Burkitts lymphoma have?
cytoplasmic vacuoles
48
lymphoblastic lymphoma cell involved
almost always an immature T cell but can be B cell just rare
49
who can get lymphoblastic lymphoma?
mainly kids, teens and young adults
50
what is a unique physical finding for lymphoblastic lymphoma?
a mediastinal mass
51
T cell markers in lymphoblastic lymphoma
CD3 with coexpression of CD4 and CD8 and TdT
52
what is required for lymphblastic lymphoma diagnosis?
FLOW cytometry
53
what is the distinctive cell in Hodgkins lymphoma?
a Reed-Sternberg cell
54
what type of cell is the ReedSternberg cell in Hodgkins lymphoma?
activated B cell
55
what is the age of presentation for hodgkins lymphoma?
bimodal distribution of 20's and then older than 50
56
how does hodgkins lymphoma spread?
typically stays in same line or area before moving elsewhere...so will find line of nodes affected
57
what can we not use to diagnose hodgkins lymphoma and why?
flow cytometry and cytogenetics cant use flow because there are so few malignant cells in the tumor
58
what is in a Hodgkins lymphoma tumor?
not many Reed Sternberg cells...mainly recruited cells like other lymphocytes, eosinophils, histiocytes and fibroblasts
59
4 subtypes of hodgkins lymphoma
nodular sclerosis lymphocyte rich lymphocyte poor mixed cellularity
60
cell marker for Reed Sternberg cell in hodgkins lymphoma?
CD15 and CD30 positive | CD45 negative

Heme Midterm 3 (10 decks)

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