Lysosomes, Peroxisomes and Vacuoles

Question 1

what membrane bound sac containing acid hydrolases is created by the addition of hydrolytic enzymes to early endosomes from the golgi apparatus?

Answer 1

lysosomes

Question 2

what is the term for when lysosomes digest excewss or worn out organelles?

Answer 2

autophagy

Question 3

what organelles fuse with and dispense enzymes into vacuoles to digest their contents?

Answer 3

lysosomes

Question 4

which organelles heal cell membranes by providing a ‘membrane patch’

Answer 4

lysosomes

Question 5

which organelles are nicknames suicide bags or suicide sacs due to their role in autolysis?

Answer 5

lysosomes

Question 6

if enzymes leak into the cytosol from lysosomes why is cell damage reduced?

Answer 6

whent the enzymes mix with the cytosol the pH is altered to a non optimum level

Question 7

which is more acidic, the interior of a lysosome or the surrounding cytosol?

Answer 7

interior of lysosome

Question 8

why is it important for the enzymes in lysosomes to be separated from the cytosol

Answer 8

so that the digestive enzymes can work optimally due to requiring a lower pH

Question 9

how does the lysosome gain a lower pH than the surrounding cytosol?

Answer 9

proton pump and chloride ion channel facilitated H+ transfer

Question 10

nucleases, proteases, glycosidases, lipases, phosphatases, sulfatases and phospholipases are examples of what

Answer 10

acid hydrolases

Question 11

what are the three pathways leading to lysosomes?

Answer 11

phagocytosis
endocytosis
autophagy

Question 12

what is the name of the membrane bound organelle containing a urate oxidase core?

Answer 12

peroxisomes

Question 13

what organelle participates in the metabolism of fatty acids and other metabolites?

Answer 13

peroxisomes

Question 14

which organelle contains enzymes that rid cells of toxic peroxides?

Answer 14

peroxisomes

Question 15

which organelle contains enzymes that oxidise alcohol?

Answer 15

peroxisomes

Question 16

which organelle contains enzymes that oxidise toxic products

Answer 16

peroxisomes

Question 17

which organelle contains enzymes that generate h2o2?

Answer 17

peroxisomes

Question 18

what does catalase do?

Answer 18

uses H2O2 to oxidise other substances

Question 19

H2O2 + R1H2 —CATALASE—>

Answer 19

R1 + 2H20

Question 20

RH2 +O2 —PEROXISOMAL OXIDASE–>

Answer 20

R1+ H2O2

Question 21

Which enzyme uses H202 to oxidise substrates such as phenols, formic acid, formaldehyde and alcohol?

Answer 21

catalase

Question 22

what disease causes children to be born with ‘empty’ peroxisomes due to enzymes failing to be imported into the organelles?

Answer 22

Zellwegers syndrome

Question 23

what can peroxisomes do that mitochondria cannot?

Answer 23

regulate 02 tension in the cell

Question 24

what lipid constituting 80-90% of the lipid in myelin sheath is synthesised by peroxisomes

Answer 24

plasmalogens

Question 25

what molecule contains a fatty alcohol, fatty acid, and polar head group attached to a glycerol backbone by an ester linkage?

Answer 25

plasmalogen

Question 26

what is the membrane of the vacuole called?

Answer 26

tonoplast

Question 27

what organelle do plants typically have large versions of that animal cells either lack or have significantly smaller ones?

Answer 27

vacuoles

Question 28

what is a vacuole

Answer 28

a membrane bound compartment that can serve a variety of secretory, excretory and storage functions, also provides turgidity to plant cells

Question 29

what type of vacuole is used by some protists and macrophages as a stage in phagocytosis and is also called a storage sac?

Answer 29

food vacuoles

Question 30

what type of vacuole is used to pump excess water out of the cell to reduce osmotic pressure and prevent bursting (cytolysis or osmotic lysis)

Answer 30

contractile vacuole

Question 31

why does the vacuole push cell contents against the membrane in plant cells?

Answer 31

to keep chloroplasts closer to the light

Question 32

what organelle stores pigments in flowers and fruits?

Answer 32

vacuole

Question 33

what organelle is involved in exocytosis and endocytosis?

Answer 33

vacuoles

Question 34

what type of endocytosis happens when material contacts the membrane and is invaginated, leaving engulfed material in a membrane enclosed vacuole and cell membrane intact?

Answer 34

phagocytosis

Question 35

what mode of endocytosis in which small particles suspended in extracellular fluid are brought into the cell through an invagination of the cell membrane, resulting in a suspension of the particles within a small vesicle

Answer 35

pinocytosis