M

Question 1

Subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 1

Are diseases caused by fungi that grow in soil and on vegetation

Question 2

They are are introduced into subcutaneous tisssue through

Answer 2

Trauma

Question 3

Example as of subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 3

Sporotrichosis
Chromomycosis
Mycetoma

Question 4

Sporotrichosis

Answer 4

Caused by sporotrix schenckii which is a dimorphic fungus the mold form lives on plants and the yeast form occurs in human tissue

Question 5

Sporotrichosis
Introduction of mold spores into skin by a thorn causes

Answer 5

A local papillon or ulcer with nodules along the draining lymphatic

Question 6

Are the lesions of sporotrichosis painful

Answer 6

No they are typically painless
Untreated lesions may wax and wane for a year

Question 7

In human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with low CD4 counts what can occur

Answer 7

Disseminated sporotrichosis

Question 8

Sporotrichosis mostly occur in which people

Answer 8

Gardeners who prune roses because they maybe stuck by a rose thorn

Question 9

Sporotrichosis
In clinical lab what is seen

Answer 9

Round or cigar shaped budding yeast are seen in tissue specimens

Question 10

Sporotrichosis
In culture at room temp what occurs

Answer 10

hyphae occur bearing oval conidia in clusters at the tip of conidiophores

Question 11

Sporotrichosis
Drug choice for skin lesion is

Answer 11

Itraconazole

Question 12

Sporotrichosis
Prevention

Answer 12

By protecting skin when touching plants moss and wood

Question 13

Chromomycosis

Answer 13

It’s a slowly progeressive granulomaypus infection caused by several soil fungi
(Fonsecaea phialiphora cladosporium) when introduced into skin

Question 14

Why are Chromomycosis called dermatiaceous

Answer 14

Because their conidia or hyphae are dark colored(grey or black)

Question 15

Chromomycosis lesions

Answer 15

Wart like lesions with crusting abscesses extend along the lymphatics

Question 16

Chromomycosis occurs in which place

Answer 16

Occurs in the tropics and found on bare foot and legs

Question 17

Chromomycosis
In clinical lab what is seen

Answer 17

Dark brown ,round fungal cells are seen in leukocytes or giant cells

Question 18

Chromomycosis
Treatment

Answer 18

Oral flucytosine or thiabendazole plus local surgery

Question 19

Mycetoma

Answer 19

Is a chronic progressive Granulomatpus disease

Question 20

Mycetoma is caused by

Answer 20

True fungi(eumycetoma) or higher bacteria(actinomycetoma)

Question 21

Types of Eumycetoma

Answer 21

Madurella Mycetoma
Aspergillus nidulans
Curvularia lunata
Petrillidium boydii

Question 22

Madurella Mycetoma

Answer 22

70% of cases in sudan
Grains are big hard and black

Question 23

Aspergillus nidulans

Answer 23

Big soft whitish grains

Question 24

Curvularia lunata

Answer 24

Black grains

Question 25

Petrillidium boydii

Answer 25

White grains and not common

Question 26

Actinomycetoma types

Answer 26

Streptomyces somalienses Actinomadura medurae Actinomadura pelleterii Nicardia braselienses

Question 27

Streptomyces somalienses

Answer 27

Yellow dirty grains(sand grain)

Question 28

Actinomadura medurae

Answer 28

Next common big white soft grains Cribriform colonies

Question 29

Actinomadura pelleterii

Answer 29

Very tiny red grains

Question 30

Which type of actinomycetoma is found in sudan

Answer 30

Nocardia braselienses

Question 31

Source of infection of mycetoma

Answer 31

Exogenous from soil or vegetation

Question 32

Hair reaction of Mycetoma

Answer 32

Is by granuloma formation that increase in size gradually until it opens to exterior forming a sinus that discharge serous,seropurulent or blood stained discharge with the grains

Question 33

Mycetoma affects?

Answer 33

Subcutaneous tissues muscles and bones

Question 34

Mycetoma affects which part of the body

Answer 34

Mostly In the left foot( Madura foot) lower limbs(70%) head and neck(4%)

Question 35

Immunity of Mycetoma is

Answer 35

Cell mediated

Question 36

Clinical diagnosis

Answer 36

History 80% of diagnosis

Question 37

Mycetoma Radiological

Answer 37

Subcutaneous,muscles: soft tissue mass -long bone: early——multiple focal necrosis+cavities -short bone: erosion,destruct,new bone format -flat bone: no cavity,increase density and thickness Colors of grains according to species

Question 38

Treatment of eumycetomA

Answer 38

Surgical excision and chemotherapy -griseofulvin+proclain penicillin (800000/M daily) give best result -ketoconazole and itraconazole are effective but if it cause hepatotoxic (stop and reintroduce)

Question 39

Treatment of actinomycetoma

Answer 39

-dapsone 100mg+streptomycin sulphate -co-trimoxazole 2 tabs b.d 4-6weeks+streptomycin -rifampicin 600mg+streptomycin