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Question 1

theory of evolution by natural selection is based on four main points

Answer 1

variation, natural selection (selective pressure), survival of the fittest, isolation

Question 2

what are the mechanisms in which wallace and darwin believed is by which they evolve

Answer 2

natural selection and isolation

Question 3

speciation is ?

Answer 3

the formation of a new species (occurs when a population becomes isolated from the original group of organisms)

Question 4

what has to exist in order for evolution to occur ?

Answer 4

variation (provide advantage)

Question 5

what causes competition among species/organisms ?

Answer 5

environmental change = resources becoming limited

Question 6

a change in the environment leads to ?

Answer 6

limited resources > selective pressure > competition > ‘survival of the fittest’ > genes passed onto next ten. > adaption of living organisms to the environment

Question 7

adaption is ?

Answer 7

when a genetic variation exists and allows an organism to survive environmental change

Question 8

physical and chemical changes are both ?

Answer 8

abiotic

Question 9

what theory suggests living things arose from a common ancestor ?

Answer 9

darwin/wallaces theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 10

species closely related, share basic similarities, natural selection = different habitats (due to NEW selective pressures) list example

Answer 10

divergent evolution, darwins finches

Question 11

distantly related species, show similarities, similar environments, exposed to similar selective pressures list example

Answer 11

convergent evolution, darwin studied marsupials

Question 12

components of DNA ?

Answer 12

sugars, phosphates, bases

Question 13

example of how a change in physical conditions can impact the evolution of plants and animals

Answer 13

the physical change of the trees which the peppered moths rested on

Question 14

example of how a change in chemical conditions can impact the evolution of plants and animals

Answer 14

The presence of DDT (insectide)

Question 15

example to show how competition for resources has impacted on the evolution of plants and animals

Answer 15

introduction of species to australia: rabbits and foxes

Question 16

what is a nucleotide ?

Answer 16

sugar, phosphate and one of four chemical bases (cytosine, thymine, adenine,guanine) = basic unit making up DNA

Question 17

mendels first law- dominance

Answer 17

dominant = trait that is expressed, the one that is masked = recessive

Question 18

Mendel first law-segregation

Answer 18

during gamete formation (meiosis), each pair of genes for a trait separate and each gamete receives only one gene for the trait

Question 19

a gene ?

Answer 19

a segment of DNA or a chromosome

Question 20

if both copies (alleles) of a particular genetic trait are the same

Answer 20

homozygous

Question 21

if the alleles of a gene are contrasting or differ for that trait

Answer 21

heterozyuous

Question 22

the phenotype of an organism is determined by the ?

Answer 22

dominant gene

Question 23

Mendel work on pea plants is ?

Answer 23

accurate, reliable, valid, progressive

Question 24

the crossbreeding of two genetically non identical individuals

Answer 24

hybridisation

Question 25

successful hybridisation resulting in a ‘stronger, better, greater’ offspring

Answer 25

hybrid vigour

Question 26

example of hybrisation

Answer 26

mandarins of imperial mandarin and ellendale tango resulting in Merbeingold 2350

Question 27

variation of a gene

Answer 27

allele

Question 28

punnet squares are a ?

Answer 28

technique

Question 29

the forelimb of tetrapod vertebrates is built on a plan known as a ?

Answer 29

pentadactyl limb (five digits-five fingers)

Question 30

study of fossils

Answer 30

palaeontology

Question 31

study of geographical distribution of organisms (both living and extinct)

Answer 31

biogeography

Question 32

the comparison of the development stages of diff. species

Answer 32

comparative embryology

Question 33

the study of similarities and difference in the structure of living organisms

Answer 33

comparative anatomy

Question 34

study of chemicals found in cells/DNA hybridisation

Answer 34

Biochemistry

Question 35

What is the name given to the following evolutionary mechanism?

‘Mutation and different natural selection pressures acting on a population of a species that is physically separated in some way, resulting in the formation of new species.’

Answer 35

Isolation

Question 36

the joining of 2 polypeptides via their bases

Answer 36

A gene

Question 37

similar structure in variety of organisms due to a common ancestor, used for diff. purposes

Answer 37

homologous

Question 38

a cross between 2 organisms involving one trait

Answer 38

monohybrid cross