m choice Flashcards
Non setting calcium hydroxide paste, used as an inter-appointment dressing, in endodontic treatment has a pH of around
3
5
7
10
12
12
Which material has the highest Knoop hardness value
a) Ceromer
b) Feldspathic porcelain
c) High copper amalgam
d) Posterior composite
e) Resin modified glass ionomer
High copper amalgam
Which piece of legislation is applicable to the design and access layout for all dental practices
a) Adults with incapacity act
b) Equality act
c) Health and safety at work act
d) Mental capacity act
e) Mental health act
Equality act
Which of the following materials has a thermal expansion similar to tooth enamel
a) Glass ionomer cement
b) Hybrid composite resin
c) Titanium
d) Silver amalgam
e) Setting calcium hydroxide cement
Glass ionomer cement
When planning periodontal treatment for a patient during pregnancy, you should:
a) As a minimum provide supportive care until after the baby is born
b) To avoid causing the patient anxiety you should not discuss the risks of periodontitis whilst the patient is pregnant
c) Treat as a normal patient, as long as you provide antibiotic cover
d) Wait until the third trimester before carrying out non surgical treatment
e) Wait until the third trimester before carrying out surgical treatment
As a minimum provide supportive care until after the baby is born
A class II AP skeletal relationship is defined as
The mandible is 2-3mm behind the maxilla
The mandible is 2-3mm in front of the maxilla
The mandible is less than 2-3mm behind the maxilla
The mandible is less than 2-3mm in front of the maxilla
The mandible is more than 2-3mm behind the maxilla
The mandible is more than 2-3mm behind the maxilla
What is the shape of the preparation for 21 endo treatment
Triangular where the triangle base in closer to incisal edge and the apex is at the cingulum
Stainless steel benefits from cold working. Which of the following definitions and material benefits best explains this. Cold working….
a) Causes a change in the type of solid solution, making stainless steel stronger under tension
b) Causes precipitation hardening, making stainless steel more corrosion resistant
c) Causes re-arrangement of atoms into an ordered grain structure giving stainless steel greater impact strength
d) Pushes lattice dislocations to the grain boundary, making stainless steel stronger under compression
e) Produces fibrous grains, making stainless steel stronger under flexural loading
Pushes lattice dislocations to the grain boundary, making stainless steel stronger under compression
Concerning prenatal facial and skull growth, which of the following statements is true?
a) Both the maxilla and mandible develop by endochondral ossification and are preceded by a cartilaginous facial skeleton
b) Meckel’s cartilage and the nasal capsule are considered secondary cartilages
c) Ossification of the face and skull commences at about 8-9 weeks intra uterine
d) The neurocranium encases the brain and the viscerocranium forms the face
e) The vault of the skull is formed by endochondral ossification
The neurocranium encases the brain and the viscerocranium forms the face
Which combination of properties best describes a dental ceramic:
High compressive strength and brittle
High compressive strength and flexible
Low compressive strength and brittle
Low compressive strength and ductile
Low tensile strength and flexible
High compressive strength and brittle
In orthodontics for which purpose is a buccal canine retractor used:
To correct the position of a palatally displaced canine
To mesialise a canine in the line of the arch
To move a canine buccally
To retract a buccally positioned canine and move it palatally
To retract a canine into a buccal position
To retract a buccally positioned canine and move it palatally
Which of the following best describes the work flow in a Local Decontamination Unit
Clean, inspect, pack, sterlization
Clean, inspect, pack, sterilization, decontamination
Decontamination, clean, pack, sterlisation
Decontamination, sterilization, clean, pack
Inspect, clean, sterilisation, pack
Clean, inspect, pack, sterlization
The ideal detergent for use in a washer disinfector should have a pH closest to:
6
7
8
9
10
7
Due to a power outage your ultrasonic bath has lost its programmed cycle time and reset to default. How do we find out how long the cycle should be;
a) Check guidance documentation to see what time is recommended
b) Check printouts for a previous cycles and use the average cycle time
c) Check the validation document for the machine to see what the cycle time was previously validated at when the machine was setup and installed
d) Phone a biomedical engineering company and ask somebody what it should be
e) Process some instrumentation and inspect it afterwards to see if it is free from biological matter
Check the validation document for the machine to see what the cycle time was previously validated at when the machine was setup and installed
If treating a patient with a 7mm overjet and deep traumatic overbite, what instructions should be included on the laboratory prescribtion
FABP 4mm wide
FABP 7mm wide
FABP 10mm wide
Inclined anterior bite plane 7mm wide
Inclined anterior bite plane 10mm wide
FABP 10mm wide
What concentration of chlorine is commonly used in the cleaning of a blood spillage
500
1000
5000
10000
15000
10000
What is the main purpose of hand hygiene
Decontamination of hands prior to surgical extractions
Elimination of all microorganisms and cleaning of soiled hands
Removal of resident microflora
Removal of transient microorganisms and cleaning of soiled hands
To show patients we take hand hygiene seriously
Removal of transient microorganisms and cleaning of soiled hands
The role of the Local Decontamination Unit is to decontaminate:
Complex medical devices
Dental uniforms
Endodontic instruments
Reusable medical devices
Steel burs
Reusable medical devices
Where is our knowledge of radiation risks to humans primarily derived from?
Computer simulations
Mathematical models
Studies of dental radiology patients
Studies of persons exposed to low dose levels
Studies of persons exposed to high dose levels
Studies of persons exposed to high dose levels
The personnel involved in a dental radiographic examination occur in the following order
Operator, practitioner, referrer
Practitioner, operator, referrer
Practitioner, referrer, operator
Referrer, operator, practitioner
Referrer, practitioner, operator
Referrer, Practitioner, Operator
In terms of medical devices, which statement best defines sterility
a) An instrument is sterile if the probability that there are viable microbes on the instrument is equal to 1 in a thousand
b) An instrument is sterile if the probability that there are viable microbes on the instrument is equal to 1 in 10 thousand
c) An instrument is sterile if the probability that there are viable microbes on the instrument is equal to 1 in 100 thousand
d) An instrument is sterile if the probability that there are viable microbes on the instrument is equal to 1 in a million
e) An instrument is sterile if the probability that there are viable microbes on the instrument is equal to 10 in a million
An instrument is sterile if the probability that there are viable microbes on the instrument is equal to 1 in a million
Which of the following anatomical features is the most radiolucent on a dental radiograph
Air in the maxillary sinus
Air in the pharynx
Inferior alveolar canal
Incisive fossa
Pulp canal or chamber
Air in the maxillary sinus
What can be used to minimize the dose to patients during intra oral examinations
Circular collimators
D speed film instead of E speed film
Film instead of digital detector
Longer exposure times
Rectangular collimators
Rectangular collimators
What frequency is recommended for bitewing radiographs for a high risk adult patient
3 monthly
6 monthly
9 monthly
Annually
Two years
6 monthly
Which fault will result in an intraoral radiograph being too dark
Beam aiming ring not being close to face
Excessive time in fixer
Increased focus to skin distance
Too long an exposure time
Too short an exposure time
Too long an exposure time
A 23 year old female with Type 1 Von Willebrand’s disease requires the extraction of 3 molar teeth. Which of the following medications will she require prior to removing these teeth
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA)
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Platelets
Vitamin K
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
A 68 year old female is taking alendronic acid for osteoporosis. This is the only medication she is prescribed and otherwise she is fit and well. She attends the General Dental Services and requires a non-surgical tooth extraction. How should this patient be managed?
Extract the tooth
Extract the tooth and review the patient 4 weeks later
Extract the tooth, prescribe post operative antibiotics and review the patient 4 weeks later
Prescribe antibiotics to be taken 1 week prior to the extraction, extract the tooth and review the patient 4 weeks later
Refer the patient to a secondary care service
Extract the tooth and review the patient 4 weeks later
Which of the following statements is true in relation to the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2017 IR(ME)R 2017:
A member of one of the DCPs (other than the dentist) may act as the referrer
Exposures may be carried out without justification
The employer must justify every exposure
The operator refers only to one person
The practitioner must justify every exposure
The practitioner must justify every exposure
The purpose of the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 is:
Access an Independent mental capacity advocate for people who lack capacity
Allow dentists to undertake any treatment they feel is necessary for people who lack capacity
Facilitate a best interest meeting to discuss the necessary dental treatment for people who lack capacity
Protect and safeguard the welfare and finances of adults who lack capacity
Protect dentists from legal challenge when providing treatment for people who lack capacity
Protect and safeguard the welfare and finances of adults who lack capacity
To maximise the skills of all dental team members and deliver an efficient and effective dental service the delivery of supportive periodontal maintenance for individuals resident in a care home with severe impairment and disability is best facilitated by:
Dental nurse
Dental technician
General dental practitioner service dentist
Hygiene/therapist
Specialist in special care dentistry
Specialist in special care dentistry
In the most common form of dementia, which protein is thought to have a key pathological role?
Collagen
Elastin
Fibrin
Tau Protein
Tubulin
Tau protein (Alzheimer’s)
A 24 year old female presents to your general dental practice complaining of generalized sensitivity from all her teeth. On clinical examination, there is a significant level of erosion affect the palatal and lingual aspects of the incisors. There are also multiple abrasions affecting the soft palate and xerostomia. Which medical disease might these oral finding suggest?
Anorexia nervosa
Autistic spectrum disorder
Bipolar affective disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Schizophrenia
Anorexia nervosa
A 31 year old male with cerebral palsy requires two restorations. He uses a wheelchair and is unable to weight bear. To facilitate his access to a dental chair which would be the most suitable adjuvant to use:
Banana board
Sling and hoist
Sling and stand aid
Treat the patient in his own wheelchair
Turn table
Sling and hoist
A patient with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer attends your general dental practice. He was treated 2 years ago with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. He presents with a periapical periodontitis associated with tooth 17. The tooth was in the primary field of radiation. The most appropriate management of this tooth is to:
Do nothing
Extract the tooth
Primary orthograde endodontics
Provide antibiotics and review
Retrograde endodontic
Primary orthograde endodontics
A 54 year old has completed a course of hygiene phase therapy following a diagnosis of chronic generalised periodontitis. He has a responded poorly to the treatment with no improvement in clinical loss of attachment. He has a BMI of 32 and glaucoma. Which test would be most informative to your further clinical assessment and management
Full blood count (FBC)
Fasting glucose test (FGT)
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C)
International Normalised Ratio (INR)
Liver function test (LFT)
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C)
Following dental trauma the most likely place to find a missing tooth fragment is:
Out of body
In left main bronchi
In right main bronchi
In soft tissues
In stomach
In soft tissues
A 29 year old male with renal failure who requires haemodialysis attends your dental surgery. He requires dental treatment which includes restorations and extractions. When would be the most appropriate time to provide dental treatment following his haemodialysis
2 hours after haemodialysis
24 hours after haemodialysis
48 hours after haemodialysis
72 hours after haemodialysis
1 week after haemodialysis
24 hours after haemodialysis
It is important to modify your behavior as a dentist when treating children with autism. Which of the following modifications should be made:
Beware of how you describe things as speech is taken for its literal meaning
Have lots of movement in the surgery to make them feel comfortable
Only talk to the child’s parent
Provide lots of appropriate physical contact, hand on shoulder etc.
Rapid exposure to new instruments and procedures
Beware of how you describe things as speech is taken for its literal meaning
Which of the following is defined to be a ‘Key Principle’ of the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act?
Do not harm
Encourage residual capacity
Liaise with medical staff
Refer to specialists
Treat as quickly as possible
Encourage residual capacity
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis can have difficulty in holding a toothbrush due to the destruction of the:
Cuneonavicular joint
Distal interphalangeal joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Proximal interphalangeal joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints
What dental problem is specifically associated in children with severe cerebral palsy
Bruxism
Good manual dexterity
Hypodontia
Laxity of the masticatory muscles
Smaller than average tooth size
Bruxism
Drug dosages must often be reduced in the elderly. The most common reason for this is:
Drug interactions
Increased first pass metabolism
Poor drug elimination
Poor GI absorption
Rapid drug elimination
Poor drug elimination
Weakness of the lower facial muscles and upper limb on the same side starting suddenly during dental treatment would suggest that the patient has had a:
Bell’s palsy
Hypoglycaemic episode
Myocardial infarction
Transient ischaemic attack
Vasovagal attack
Transient ischaemic attack
The above picture shows an extrusion injury in the primary dentition. What is the recommended treatment in this case:
Extract the tooth
Reposition the tooth with forceps and splint for 2 weeks
Reposition the tooth with forceps and splint for 4 weeks
Reposition the tooth with gentle finger pressure and splint for 4 weeks
Reposition the tooth with gentle finger pressure and splint for 4 weeks
Extract the tooth
If all three lower incisors are displaced lingually and the alveolar bone is mobile what injury would this be?
Avulsion injury
Dentoalveolar fracture
Extrusion injury
Root fracture
Luxation injury
Dentoalveolar fracture
Which of the following is the most downstream approach that could help reduce dental caries in the child population
a) Delivery of dental practice based one to one chairside advice and clinical prevention
b) Development of nursery and school based healthy food policies
c) Development of universal nursery and school based toothbrushing programmes
d) Introduction of sugar sweetened beverage taxation
e) Supporting the establishment of community based parenting groups supporting healthy eating and brushing behavior
Delivery of dental practice based one to one chairside advice and clinical prevention
Which sociodemographic factor is associated with the greatest burden of oral diseases in the population across the UK
Ethnicity
Gender
Rurality of residence
Sexuality
Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status
Which of the following is a planned sequential introduction of environment, people, instruments and procedure?
Acclimatisation
Desensitisation
Distraction
Positive reinforcement
Tell show do
Acclimatisation
What is the MOST suitable for occlusal analysis
Fixed condylar
Fully adjustable
Plasterless
Semi-adjustable
Simple hinge
Fully adjustable
When the mandible is in its most reproducible relationship to the maxilla during closure, the point at which the teeth contact is called
Centric relation
Habitual position
Intercuspal position
Rest position
Retruded contact position
Retruded contact position
During root canal treatment of the maxillary first molars, where is an ‘extra’ canal often situated
Distobuccal root
In the furcation region
Mesiobuccal root
Mesiopalatal root
Palatal root
Mesiobuccal root
Which of the following options describes a tooth guidance scheme in lateral excursion in which a number of posterior teeth on the working side contact but there is disocclusion of the teeth on the non working side
Anterior guidance
Balanced articulation
Balanced occlusion
Canine guidance
Group function
Group function
During root canal treatment, which one of the following is normally used as a reference point for the working length
A graduated ‘seeker’ file
A rubber stop
Cusp or incisal tip
Level of access cavity
The floor of the pulp chamber
Cusp or incisal tip
In which of the following types of periodontal defect is bone regeneration most likely to occur following successful treatment:
Circumferential intrabony defect
Horizontal bone loss
One walled interproximal intrabony defect
Through and through furcation defect
Two walled interproximal bone defect
Two walled interproximal bone defect
If a site has a probing depth of 7mm and the gingival margin is located 2mm coronal to the ACJ the attachment loss is equal to
2mm
3mm
5mm
7mm
9mm
5mm
At re-evaluation under what circumstances would periodontal surgery be indicated
Excellent oral hygiene and pockets greater than or equal to 5mm
Excellent oral hygiene, pockets of 3-4mm and increased tooth mobility
Poor oral hygiene and pockets greater than or equal to 5mm
Pockets of greater or equal to 7mm, irrespective of oral hygiene
Poor oral hygiene, pockets of 3-4mm and increased tooth mobility
Excellent oral hygiene and pockets greater than or equal to 5mm
A CPITN score of 3 indicates that:
There is loss of attachment
There is no inflammation
There is no pocketing
There is pocketing of between 3.5 and 5.5mm
There is pocketing in excess of 5.5mm
There is pocketing of between 3.5 and 5.5mm
Which of the following is an intrinsic cause of tooth discoloration
Chromogenic bacteria
Iron supplements
Smoking
Tannins
Tetracycline
Tetracycline
Which of the following describes the shape of an access cavity for an upper central incisor
An oval, wider mesiodistally than gingivoincisally, just incisal to the cingulum
An oval, wider gingivoincisally than mesiodistally, just incisal to the cingulum
A diamond shape extending from the cingulum to the incisal edge
A triangle with its apex above the cingulum and its base towards the incisal edge
A triangle with its base above the cingulum and its apex close to the incisal edge
A triangle with its apex above the cingulum and its base towards the incisal edge
Which of the following statements about success of endodontic treatment is true
a) An obturation that extends all the way to the radiographic apex of the tooth is essential for success
b) Apical seal is more important than coronal seal in determining outcome
c) Overextension of gutta percha does not have an impact upon outcome
d) Root canal obturation extending to within 2mm of the radiographic apex contributes to success
e) Sealer extrusion has a detrimental effect on outcomes
Root canal obturation extending to within 2mm of the radiographic apex contributes to success
When undertaking root canal treatment, what inter-visit regimen should generally be utilised within the root canal
Gutta percha point
Hard setting calcium hydroxide
Non setting calcium hydroxide
Paper point with sterile saline
Zinc oxide and eugenol
Non setting calcium hydroxide
A fit and healthy patient attends your practice for the first time. He presents with poor plaque control, generalised gingival erythema and bleeding on gentle probing. There is no evidence on attachment loss. The most appropriate first line of treatment would be
Oral hygiene instruction
Prescribe chlorhexidine mouthwash
Prescribe metronidazole
Root surface debridement
Scale and polish
Oral hygiene instruction
When restoring an endodontically treated upper first molar, which cusps should be covered by the restoration:
Full cuspal coverage
Functional cusps
Mesiobuccal cusp and marginal ridges
Palatal cusps
Unsupported cusps
Full cuspal coverage
In healthy teeth, the biological width, comprising the supra-alveolar connective tissue attachment and junctional epithelium has an approximate dimension of:
0.5mm
1mm
2mm
3mm
3.5mm
2mm
In the new periodontal classification, staging and grading of disease refers to
Distribution and progression respectively
Distribution and severity respectively
Progression and extent respectively
Progression and severity respectively
Severity and progression respectively
Severity and progression respectively
Which from the list below is a local risk factor for periodontal disease
Calculus
Diabetes
HIV infection
Rheumatoid arthritis
Smoking
Calculus
With regards to the luxator instrument, which of the following statements is correct:
It is classified as an elevator just like the Coupland’s elevator
It is designed to cut the PDL around a root
It is often used to elevate a fractured tooth root
It should be used with heavy force when luxating a tooth
Its tip is flat and blunt to avoid damaging dental tissues
It is designed to cut the PDL around a root
What would be the most appropriate post surgical advice to give a to a patient who has just had a tooth extraction
Avoid eating until the effect of the anaesthetic has worn off
Heavy manual work can be performed on the day
Pain killers will always be required
Smoking has no significant effect on the healing process
Start rinsing within six hours of the extraction with warm salty water
Avoid eating until the effect of the anaesthetic has worn off
You are about to extract multiple teeth on a fit and healthy 40 year old male. What is the maximum safe dose of Articaine 4% with adrenaline 1:100,000 that you can administer?
3mg/kg
5mg/kg
7mg/kg
9mg/kg
11mg/kg
7mg/kg
You are about to extract multiple teeth on a fit and healthy 70 year old male who weighs 52kgs. How many standard 2.2mL cartridges of lignocaine 2% with adrenaline 1:80,000 can you safely administer
4
5
6
7
8
5
Which of the following would be described as a rare complication following a routine tooth extractions
Dry socket
Infected socket
Osteomyelitis
Pain
Trismus
Osteomyelitis
Which of the following could be described as a perioperative complication
Dry socket
Ecchymosis
Fracture of the alveolar plate
Oedema
Trismus
Fracture of the alveolar plate
A patient returns to the clinic one week following removal of a lower wisdom tooth. They describe a sharp, shooting, painful sensation affecting their lower lip. Which of the following terms is used to describe this
Anaesthesia
Dysaesthesia
Hyperaesthesia
Hypoaesthesia
Parasthesia
Dysaesthesia
The lingual nerve usually sits deep within the lingual mucosa adjacent to the posterior molar teeth. In what percentage of cases does it sit above the level of the lingual bone that can be hazardous when thinking of raising a flap to remove a lower wisdom tooth
1-3%
5-8%
10-13%
15-18%
20-23%
15-18%
Which of the following drugs has been described by the BNF as ‘ineffective to relieve dental pain’ and therefore would not be routinely prescribed?
Cocodamol
Diclofenac
Dihydrocodeine
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Dihydrocodeine
What is the maximum safe dose of paracetamol that a fit and healthy patient can take over a 24 hour period?
1g
2g
3g
4g
5g
4g
Which of the following substances is active against bacteria, fungi and yeasts
Amoxicillin
Chlorhexidine
Hydrated silica
Metronidazole
Stannous fluoride
Chlorhexidine
Which of these bacteria is associated with periodontitis
Escherichia coli
Pasteurella multocida
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus oralis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Which of these bacteria are associated with dental caries
Streptococcus gordonii
Streptococcus mitis
Streotococcus mutans
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streotococcus mutans
Where do positively charged molecules (RNH+) which are the active molecules of the local anesthetic salt, bind in sensory nerves to block impulse conduction
Activation gate
Inactivation gate
Outer surface receptor
Receptor within the sodium channel
Within the cell membrane
Receptor within the sodium channel
The future trends for edentulous rates in the UK are projected to be
A decrease in all age groups
A decrease only in younger age groups
An increase in all age groups
An increase in only younger age groups
No change
A decrease in all age groups
Which of the following can be defined as ‘an individual’s belief that they can succeed at a particular task or behaviour’
Compliance
External locus of control
Reasoned action
Self efficacy
Subjective norms
Self efficacy
Which of the following community fluoride delivery initiatives are currently in place in Scotland
Fluoridated nursery and school milk schemes
Fluoridation of nursery and school water supply
Fluoridation of public water supply
Fluoride mouth rinsing schemes in nurseries and schools
Fluoride varnish schemes in nurseries and schools
Fluoride varnish schemes in nurseries and schools
Which of these candida species are inherently resistant to intraconazole?
Candida albicans
Candida dubliniesis
Candida glabrata
Candida parapsilosis
Candida tropicalis
Candida glabrata
Which of the following statements is true
Candida glabrata biofilms are sensitive to intraconazole
Candida albicans biofilms are sensitive to caspofungin
P. gingivalis biofilms are sensitive to fluconazole
P. intermedia biofilms are sensitive to caspofungin
Streptococcus mutans biofilms are sensitive to itraconazole
Candida albicans biofilms are sensitive to caspofungin
When subjects are randomly allocated to different interventions, followed up and outcomes assessed, the most appropriate study design is:
Case control
Case series
Cohort
Cross sectional
Randomized controlled trial
Randomized controlled trial
In relation to the research finding ‘Among those who have never drunk alcohol, cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (odds ratio for ever versus never smoking = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.52 to 2.98)’ which of the following is true:
a) Cigarette smoking doubles the risk of head and neck cancer in those who have never drunk alcohol
b) Cigarette smoking halves the risk of head and neck cancer in those who have never drunk alcohol
c) Cigarette smoking is not associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer in those who have never drunk alcohol
d) Drinking alcohol is not associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer in those who smoke cigarettes
e) Never drinking alcohol halves the risk of head and neck cancer among those who smoke cigarettes
Cigarette smoking doubles the risk of head and neck cancer in those who have never drunk alcohol
When well/healthy participants are recruited to a study, followed up over time and exposures and diseases are measured prospectively, the most appropriate study design is:
Case control
Case series
Cohort
Cross sectional
RCT
cohort
Which of the following is a lifestyle behavior
Age
Alcohol consumption
Gender
Household income
Hypertension
Alcohol consumption
A 44 year old male reports that he consumes 14 units of alcohol per week. This is consumed over two days. What advice should you give him?
a) He is consuming less than the recommended maximum number of units of alcohol and does not require cessation advice
b) He is consuming less than the recommended maximum number of units of alcohol and should be encouraged to reduce his consumption
c) He is consuming the recommended maximum number of units of alcohol and does not require cessation advice
d) He is consuming the recommended maximum number of units of alcohol but should be encouraged to spread out these over five days with two alcohol free days
He is consuming the recommended maximum number of units of alcohol but should be encouraged to spread out these over five days with two alcohol free days
The inverse care law proposed by Dr Julian Tudor Hart is used to describe
Area level of healthcare needs but is unrelated to access to care
Areas least in need of good healthcare are least likely to receive it
Areas most in need of good healthcare are least likely to receive it
Areas most in need of good healthcare are most likely to receive it
Level of access to care but is unrelated to area level of healthcare needs
Areas most in need of good healthcare are least likely to receive it
When epidemiologists judge the evidence to establish possible cause of a disease from an exposure they consider:
Evidence from one study is sufficient to establish causality
Evidence of the strength of association between exposure and disease
Evidence that the exposure of interest appeared after the disease
Evidence showing that increase in the exposure reduced the risk of the disease
Evidence showing that reduction in exposure has no effect on the risk of the outcome
Evidence of the strength of association between exposure and disease
Which of the following anatomical statements is the best explanation for numbness of the tongue after administering an inferior alveolar nerve block:
The lingual nerve is related to the mandible at the third molar tooth
The lingual nerve lies between the medial pterygoid muscle and the mandible
The tongue and the floor of the mouth have the same sensory innervation
The tongue is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
The tongue is innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve
The lingual nerve lies between the medial pterygoid muscle and the mandible
A dental radiograph shows the pterygoid hamulus. Of which bone is the pterygoid hamulus a component?
Maxilla
Palatine
Sphenoid
Temporal
Vomer
Sphenoid
Which of the following is the most powerful predictor of future caries experience
Caries in primary teeth
Frequent intakes of sugar
Low socioeconomic status
Medically compromised
Poor oral hygiene
Caries in primary teeth
Which of the following would you recommend while undertaking dietary analysis in a young child with caries in their primary teeth
Acidic drinks should be restricted to meal times
An overnight bottle can contain water or milk
Drinks containing soy formula are OK between meals
Grazing on sugary foods is OK if you brush your teeth afterwards
Sucrose free stick snacks are OK for your teeth
Acidic drinks should be restricted to meal times
The process of blinding or masking the outcome assessor in a Randomized Controlled Trial helps to minimize:
The confidence intervals
The risk of bias
The risk ratio
The sample size
Variation between individuals
The risk of bias
Which study design is most appropriate for the following research question ‘What is the incidence of implant failure in smokers?’
Case control
Cohort
Cross sectional
Randomized controlled trial
Systematic review and meta analysis of RCTs
Cohort
Which facial syndrome has the following features: deformity of 1st and 2nd branchial arches with anti-mongoloid slant palpebral fissure, colobomas of lower eyelid outer one third, hypoplastic or missing zygomatic arches, hypoplastic mandible with antegonial notch, deformed pinna and conductive deafness
Acrosyndactyly
Hemifacial microsomia
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Craniofacial dysostosis (Crouzon’s)
Mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins)
Mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins)
Which of the following is a possible sign of physical child abuse:
Child taken for care soon after injury occurred
History of injury consistent with development age of child
Injuries consistent with developmental age of child
Multiple injuries round the mouth
Parent concerned about possible long term consequences of injury
Multiple injuries round the mouth
Which of the following is an indication for primary molar endodontics
Age (12 and over)
Cardiac disease
Cellulitis
Good cooperation
Pus in pulp chamber
Good cooperation
The property of occlusal forces that the dentist is most able to influence through careful design of occlusal surfaces is
Direction
Duration
Frequency
Velocity
Magnitude
direction
Which percentage of phosphoric acid is normally used to etch enamel prior to placing composite restorations
17% phosphoric acid
27% phosphoric acid
37% phosphoric acid
47% phosphoric acid
57% phosphoric acid
37% phosphoric acid
In relation to complete dentures, one of the principal objectives of jaw registration is:
To determine the intermaxillary relationship in intercuspal position
To determine the intermaxillary relationship in retruded contact position
To record the denture space
To record the freeway space
To determine the intermaxillary relationship in retruded contact position
In the development of dentinal caries, which one of the following is the earliest observed event:
Beading of tubules
Initial demineralisation
Invasion of pioneer bacteria
Liquefaction foci
Pulpal necrosis
beading of tubules
A fast irregular pulse in a patient who is suddenly acutely breathless would suggest:
Atrial fibrillation
Congestive heart failure
Deep vein thrombosis
Left heart failure
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation
For epidemiological purposes periodontal health can be measured by which index:
CPITN
dmft/DMFT
IOTN
PAR
TF
CPITN
You are examining the neck of a patient who has had a recent throat infection. Which of the following observations on the lymph nodes is most likely to be consistent with this diagnosis
Enlarged deep cervical nodes only
Enlargement of the parotid nodes only
Enlargement of the submandibular nodes only
Enlargement of the submental, submandibular and deep cervical nodes
Generalised lymph node enlargement
Enlargement of the submental, submandibular and deep cervical nodes
In relation to the Spaulding classification for medical devices:
a) Critical devices are those that contact only intact mucous membranes and must be serilized
b) Critical devices are those that contact only intact skin and must be sterilized
c) Non critical devices are those that contact only intact skin and must be sterilized
d) Semi critical devices are those that contact normally sterile tissue and must be sterilized
e) Semi critical devices are those that contact only intact mucous membranes and should be sterilized
Semi critical devices are those that contact only intact mucous membranes and should be sterilized
Synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide in plaque formation is greatest when which of the following sugars is present within the diet
Fructose
Glucose
Lactose
Mannose
Sucrose
Sucrose
Which statement is true for the role of the glycocalyx in biofilms
It aids diffusion of antibiotics
It increases natural killer cell function
It is composed of proteins
It is prone to desiccation
It provides a protective barrier
It provides a protective barrier
Deamination of amino acids
a) Generates the corresponding keto acids
b) Only occurs when amino acid concentration is low
c) Occurs at low pH
d) Produces amines
e) Produces CO2
Generates the corresponding keto acids
When thinking about the potential of post operative bleeding following a tooth extraction, which of the following would be regarded as a systemic haemostatis agent that could be provided to help alleviate prolonged bleeding
Adrenaline containing local anaesthetic
Fibrin foam
Oxidised regenerated cellulose
Thrombin paste and powder
Tranexamic acid
Tranexamic acid
What is the documented incidence of permanent neuro-sensory damage to the inferior alveolar nerve following extraction of a low risk wisdom tooth?
<1%
<5%
<10%
<15%
<20%
<1%
In orthodontics anterior bite planes are used for:
Facilitating correction of an anterior crossbite
Increasing the overbite
Protecting brackets of a fixed appliance on lower incisors from the occlusal force of upper incisors
Reducing the overbite
Reducing the overjet
Reducing the overbite
Which of the following statements is true of childhood Leukaemia?
40% are acute lymphoblast leukaemia (A.L.L)
Female more than male
May be present with gingival bleeding
Peak age is 9-12 years
Presents with primary herpes
May be present with gingival bleeding
During root canal instrumentation of a sclerosed canal, which one of the following provides greatest benefit in making exploration easier:
Acidulated fluorophosphate (APF)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
Sodium hypochlorite
Sterile saline
Water
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
Osteoporosis is a common finding in the elderly and can result in:
An increase in the risk of lower vertebral fractures
An increase in the risk of maxillary fractures
Antlanto-occipital instability
Calcification of the bones leading to stress fractures
The inability to walk without a stick
An increase in the risk of lower vertebral fractures
Osteoarthritis is frequently a problem in the elderly. The main supplement or drug taken to reduce the disability associated with this is:
Bisphosphonates
Calcium supplements
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
Prednisolone
Vitamin D
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories
In radiographic localisation, the acronym SLOB stands for
Same Lingual Opposite Buccal
Simply Lingual Or Buccal
Some Lingual Others Buccal
Stay Lingual Or Buccal
Sure Lingual Or Buccal
Same Lingual Opposite Buccal
The probability of photoelectric absorption effects occurring in radiography is proportional to:
Atomic number^3 (Z^3)
Film speed
Kilovoltage^3 (kV^3)
Patient size
X ray technique
Atomic number^3 (Z^3)
What is the correct color of Rinn film holder to use when taking a conventional periapical radiograph of tooth 26
Black
Blue
Green
Red
Yellow
Yellow
You are treating a patient who has a satisfactorily root-treated lower molar and you intend to place a crown. Which of the following is the best method of retaining a core
a) Placing a direct prefabricated post
b) Use of adhesion only
c) Use of dentine pins
d) Using an indirect cast post
e) Using the pulp chamber and coronal root canal morphology to retain a plastic material
Use of adhesion only
Which of the following spaces would be the most common for an acute abscess to track from an upper lateral incisor tooth
Buccal
Infraorbital
Palatal
Parapharyngeal
Submental
Palatal
An elderly patient feels faint when made to sit rapidly from lying flat in the dental chair. The most likely reason in the ageing patient for this is:
Angiotensin II insensitivity
Increased baroreceptor response
Poorly maintained blood glucose during dental treatment
Reduced baroreceptor response
Reduced renal renin release
Reduced baroreceptor response
A 25 year old male with severe intellectual disability, attends your practice, accompanied by his carers. He needs several restorations and an extraction. Under current SCOTTISH legislation who can consent on his behalf
Assignee
Carer
Either parent
Welfare guardian
Welfare power of attorney
Welfare guardian
Which difference is NOT a cause of varying temperature regulation in children compared to adults
Brown fat metabolism
Immature responses to hypothermia
Large head surface area and heat loss
Low surface area to body weight ratio
Require a higher temperature for thermoneutral environment
Low surface area to body weight ratio
When preparing an upper first permanent molar for a metal ceramic crown, a functional cusp bevel is placed on which cusp
Cusp of carabelli
Disto buccal
Disto palatal
Mesio buccal
Mesio palatal
Mesio palatal
The correct degree of axial taper in an ideal crown preparation is:
1
7
12
15
20
7
The fit surface of a porcelain laminate veneer is prepared with the following acid:
Citric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
A patient, who is an older person, attends his general practitioner because he has been losing weight and getting increasingly breathless. The GP takes a blood sample to check for the presence of anaemia. Which (first line) blood test does a GP request
Full blood count (FBC)
Intrinsic factor
Liver function tests (LFT)
Thyroid function tests (TFT)
Urea and electrolytes (U and E)
Full blood count (FBC)
Haemophilia A is caused by deficiency of:
Factor V
Factor VIII
Factor IX
Factor X
Vitamin K
Factor VIII
Which study design provides the highest level of evidence for the following research question: is ibuprofen an paracetamol more effective than paracetamol alone in pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom tooth?
Case control
Cohort
Cross sectional
Matched pair
RCT
RCT
You are a dentist in general practice and are required to provide a new upper denture for an 80 year old female with dementia who lacks capacity to consent for treatment. You have attended an additional Section 47, Adults with Incapacity Course allowing you complete Section 47 (AWI) forms. How would you best proceed
a) Complete a Section 47 (AWI) form and provide treatment
b) Consult the continuing power of attorney, complete a section 47 (AWI) form and provide treatment
c) Consult the welfare power of attorney and provide treatment
d) Consult a welfare power of attorney, complete a section 47 (AWI) form and provide treatment
e) Provide treatment
Consult a welfare power of attorney, complete a section 47 (AWI) form and provide treatment
A 42 year old female with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, who is dependent upon a wheelchair wants to attend your dental practice for her oral healthcare. You work in a practice which is situated on the third level up from the ground which is only accessible by stairs. How should you manage this situation
a) Install a lift in order to facilitate access to the practice
b) Refer the patient to another practice or the public dental service (PDS) which has access for wheelchair users
c) Tell a colleague in your practice that she must go and visit the patient as a domiciliary visit
d) Tell the patient she will have to climb the stairs if she wishes to attend the practice
e) Tell the patient that your practice would not be suitable for her
Refer the patient to another practice or the public dental service (PDS) which has access for wheelchair users
A 60 year old male attends your dental practice 6 months following completion of radiotherapy for his left tonsillar tumour. He is attending complaining of dry mouth. He wears a maxillary complete denture and has 10 mandibular teeth remaining. You decide to prescribe a saliva substitute. Which of the following saliva substitutes should not be prescribed to him
Biotene Oralbalance gel
BioXtra gel
Glandosane aerosol spray
Saliva orthana spray
Xerotin oral spray
Glandosane aerosol spray
Hypothyroid patients will usually be found to have
A high T4 and high TSH
A high T4 and low TSH
A low T3 and low TSH
A low T4 and high TSH
A low T4 and low TSH
A low T4 and high TSH
When positioning a patient for a panoramic radiograph (OPT), which anatomical reference should be horizontal
Ala tragus line
Corner of mouth angle of mandible
Corner of mouth tragus line
Frankfort plane
Lower border of the mandible
Frankfort plane
How often should a test film be exposed and processed in general dental practice for quality assurance
Twice daily
Daily
Every two days
Weekly
Every two weeks
Daily
The primary aim of a clinical audit is to:
Ensure clinical practice is based on traditional techniques
Gather information on clinical care
Improve health economics
Improve patient care and outcomes
Obtain evidence for use in disciplinary procedures
Improve patient care and outcomes
When positioning a patient for an upper anterior oblique occlusal radiograph, which anatomical reference is used to assess the occlusal plane?
Ala-tragus line
Corner of mouth angle of mandible
Corner of mouth tragus line
Frankfort plane
Interpupillary line
Ala-tragus line
Elastomers can reproduce surface features of width:
1 micrometers
2 micrometers
5 micrometers
10 micrometers
20 micrometers
20 micrometers
A 76 year old woman has fallen in her garden and sustained minor head injury. Twelve days later she has become increasingly confused and unable to walk. Clinical imaging reveals an intracranial haemorrhage. Which of the following vessels is most likely to have bled?
Cavernous sinus
Middle cerebral artery
Middle meningeal artery
Ophthalmic vein
Superior cerebral vein
Superior cerebral vein
A class III AP skeletal relationship is defined as:
The mandible is 2-3mm behind the maxilla
The mandible is 2-3mm in front of the maxilla
The mandible is less than 2-3mm in behind the maxilla
The mandible is less than 2-3mm in front of the maxilla
The mandible is more than 2-3mm behind the maxilla
The mandible is less than 2-3mm in behind the maxilla
Which statement is correct regarding children with cystic fibrosis
a) Diabetes is an early complication of the condition
b) Obstruction of the pancreatic duct prevents the movement of amylase into the intestine
c) They have a lower than average risk of developing dental erosion
d) They should not eat a carbohydrate rich diet
e) Thick mucus prevents the proper movement of cilia in the respiratory tract
Thick mucus prevents the proper movement of cilia in the respiratory tract
A 17 year old man has sustained deep cut over the posterior part of the body of the mandible on the left side of his face. The facial artery and submandibular salivary gland were not damaged. The wound has been sutured. Which of the following clinical tests would be the most appropriate to carry out?
Elevate shoulders
Protrude tongue
Say ‘Ahhh’
Test sensation of the face
Whistle
Test sensation of the face
What is the Christensen’s phenomenon
A gap that appears between anterior ends of opposing flat occlusal rims when the mandible is protruded
A gap that appears between posterior ends of opposing flat occlusal rims when the mandible is protruded
A gap that appears in between posterior teeth in the retruded contact position
A gap that appears in the natural dentition between anterior teeth when the mandible is protruded
A gap that appears in the natural dentition between posterior teeth when the mandible is protruded
A gap that appears between posterior ends of opposing flat occlusal rims when the mandible is protruded
A lateral cephalometric radiograph is taken for a patient requiring the following orthodontic treatment:
A simple removable appliance
Correcting a unilateral crossbite
Functional appliance therapy
Moving a buccally placed canine into the arch
Moving an upper lateral incisor over the bite
Functional appliance therapy
A patient, previously prescribed warfarin has now been prescribed a medication which directly inhibits thrombin. He requires extraction of teeth 44, 45, 46 and 47. He has an appointment on Monday at 0900 to have all these teeth removed. What instructions would you give him in relation to his medication?
Delay your scheduled morning dose of apixaban until 4 hours after haemostasis has been achieved then take your normal evening dose
Delay your scheduled morning dose of dabigatran until 4 hours after haemostasis has been achieved and then take your normal evening dose
Delay your scheduled morning dose of rivaroxaban and take the medication 4 hours after haemostasis has been achieved
Miss your scheduled morning dose of apixaban and take the medication as normal in the evening
Miss your scheduled morning dose of dabigatran and take the medication as normal in the evening
Miss your scheduled morning dose of dabigatran and take the medication as normal in the evening
Which of the following would be considered an intravenous bisphosphonate drug that may cause complications following routine dental extraction
Alendronic Acid
Disodium Etidronate
Risedronate Sodium
Sodium Clodronate
Zoledronic acid
Zoledronic acid
Which of the following applies to flap design
Smaller flaps should be used as they heal quicker
The apex of the flap should be wider than the base
The base of the flap should be wider than the apex
The height of the flap should always exceed that of the base
There should always be two vertical incisions
The base of the flap should be wider than the apex
What is the correct color of Rinn film holder to use when taking a bitewing radiograph
Black
Blue
Green
Red
Yellow
Red
All healthcare workers (HCWs) including members of the dental team, should be immunized against
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Herpes zoster virus (HZV)
Hepatitis B
In addition to using a mercury vapor suppressant, how would you safely dispose of waste amalgam
Aspirate into the central suction unit
Dispose of in yellow sharps container
Double wrap and place in clinical waste bag
Flush down the sink or toilet
Place in spill proof, leak proof container
Place in spill proof, leak proof container
Select the statement that best describes alcohol hand rubs/gels
Are effective against spores of C. difficile
Can be used as a substitute for glove wearing
Commonly cause adverse reactions
Has no effect on transient microorganisms
Only effective when hands are visibly clean
Only effective when hands are visibly clean
Which of the following microorganisms is commonly responsible for venous cannula related infections
Herpes simplex virus
Salmonella typhimurium
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus aureus
Streptococcus mutans
Staphylococcus epidermidis
In dental panoramic radiography, which of the following statements is true
A protective lead apron should be worn by the patient
Horizontal distortion of the teeth is not influenced by patient positioning
Patient positioning is facilitated by ear rods
The X ray beam is aimed upwards at approximately 8 degrees
The X ray tube head passes around the front of the patients head
The X ray beam is aimed upwards at approximately 8 degrees
Intra oral charge coupled device (CCD) digital X ray sensors:
Are less sensitive to X rays than F speed film
Are more sensitive to X rays than F speed film
Must always be protected by red safelight
Must always be protected from white light
Typically demonstrate wide latitude
Are more sensitive to X rays than F speed film
A 60 year old male presents to your general dental practice. He has been living with a diagnosis of myeloma for 3 years. He presents to your clinic with an area of exposed bone in the lower right posterior aspect of the mandible which has been present for 10 weeks, following a tooth extraction. What is the most likely diagnosis
Medication induced oral ulceration
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
Odontogenic keratocyst
Osteomyelitis of the mandible
Radiation induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (ORN)
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
An 83 year old woman was eating salmon and thinks that a fish bone has been stuck in her throat. She is able to speak, and no bone is visible on oral examination. At which site is the fishbone most likely to have lodged
Glottis
Opening of the auditory tube
Pharyngeal recess
Piriform fossa
Tonsillar fossa
Piriform fossa
What is the most important factor for long term success of a crown
Coronal seal 2-3mm from apex
Which is the best articulator for registering occlusion
Fully adjustable articulator
What is the length of biological width
Space that exists between the bottom of the gingival sulcus and the underlying bone. Connective tissue + junctional epithelium (2mm)
What is the most common child physical impairment
Cerebral palsy 1 in 600.
What is the angulation of the vertical beam in a panoramic radiograph
vertical beam up 8 degrees
What is an irregular pulse called
Atrial fibrillation
What should be recorded in a maxillary definitive denture impression
Complete denture bearing area
Width and depth of sulcus
Make sure tori are included
What muscle is found medial to the zygomatic arch
Temporalis
What is used for cleaning blood spillages
Sodium hypochlorite
Dichloroisocyanurate
What is the concentration of chlorine for a blood spillage
10,000ppm of chlorine
For how long should the label be kept for waste disposal and what is this label called
3 years consignment note
What are the products of glycolysis
Glucose –> 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
What sugar produces more lactate
Sucrose
Where do local anesthetics bind to
Voltage gated sodium channels and block the influx of sodium.
Why decrease drug dosage in the elderly
Reduced excretory capacity in the kidney
How much fluoride is found in mouthwash
225ppmF
What are fluoride tablets UK guidelines for high risk children
6m-3yr: 0.25mg
3-6yrs: 0.5mg
> 6yrs: 1.0mg
Name the 6 steps of how a traditional film X ray image is produced
Developing - Rinsing - Fixation - Removing - Washing - Drying
What joints are most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis
MCP (metacarpophalangeal) and PIP (proximal interphalangeal)
What does kVp refer to
Kilovoltage peak,
Also known as peak potential difference or voltage
What is the scatter effect responsible for on radiographic image
Photons scattered backwards: do not affect image
Photons scattered obliquely may still reach the image but will interact with the wrong area: causes darkening of image in the wrong place, results in fogging of image which reduces image contrast/quality
Patient with erythematous and poor oral hygiene shows up to your practice for the first time. What would you give him?
OHI and chlorhexidine mouthwash
What is the function of a buccal canine retractor
To retract buccally erupted canine palatally
Patient with overbite and overjet of 7mm, would you give an anterior or posterior occlusal bite plane and what width would it be
Flat anterior bite plane with a width of the overjet + 3mm
7mm + 3mm = 10mm
Which occlusal bite plane would you use for an anterior crossbite
Flat posterior bite plane
What is the greatest danger for elders with osteoporosis
Vertebral fracture 50% and most dangerous
What study design gives the most reliable results
Randomized control trial
What is the index tool for periodontal problems what what does it stand for
CPITN probe
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs
Which material has the best mechanical properties gold or porcelain
Gold
In crown prep of anterior teeth, how many planes should the prep be
2 plane
What is it called when the mandible moves to the right and the posterior teeth on the left do not contact
Canine guidance
What is it called when the mandibular condyles are in their most posterior position and the teeth are in contact
Retruded contact position
What should the minimum thickness of the aluminum on the X ray filtration be
<70kV = 1.5mm
70kV or more = 2.5mm
What medication/advice to give with an OAF
No to nose blowing, using straws, smoking and using a steam inhaler
Give antibiotics
In bacteria, phosphorus is used in the form of inorganic phosphate to produce what
ATP through cellular respiration
A 25-year-old patient, who is otherwise fit and healthy, presents with 6-7
mm pocketing throughout the mouth and associated bleeding on probing. There is no gingival enlargement. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Acute Periodontitis
B. Generalised aggressive periodontitis
C. Localised aggressive periodontitis
D. Generalised chronic periodontitis
E. Localised chronic periodontitis
B) Generalized aggressive periodontitis
Who is at greater risk for heart disease and hypertension
Old people
Out of the following options which are you always going to refer to a specialist
-Organ transplant and severe hemophiliac patient
-Warfarin patient
-Prosthetic limb patient
Organ transplant patient and severe hemophiliac
Patients who have Hemophilia A are deficient in what clotting factor
Factor VIII
What is the line of reference for upper oblique occlusal radiographs. What is it for the lower?
Upper: Ala tragus line
Lower: corner of mouth to tragus
What does the curve of monson represent
An imaginary curve that follows the occlusal plane of teeth and represents the relationship between the upper and lower arches
What does the quality of photons depend on
Distance (fsd) 100mm for <60kV
200mm for 60kV or more
If the radiograph is too dark what could be the problem
Overexposure. Developer left on for too long
What color is the holder for anterior periapical
Blue
What color is the holder for bitewings
Red
What color is the holder for posterior periapicals
Yellow
What does the sphere of monson tell us about the inclination of upper and lower teeth
Maxillary teeth tilt buccally
Mandibular teeth tilt lingually
Where is the dot on the side of the X ray film orientated for periapicals and bitewings
Periapical: dot on bottom of film holder
Bitewings: dot on top of film holder
How often should the radiology equipment be tested
Process test film daily
What is the indication on a radiograph of chronic occlusal trauma
Widened PDL
What is a luxator used for
Sever the periodontal ligament
What is the most important measurement for full dentures design
OVD
What is a type of cerebral palsy
Alzheimers
Dementia
Lewy body
Ataxic
Ischaemic
Ataxic
What acid etch is used in dentistry
35% phosphoric acid
Deamination of amino acids gives off
Ketone acid and ammonia
How do you make a veneer more adhesive
Lab with 10% HF acid
What is usually used as a reference point in endo
Posterior teeth: cusp tip
Anterior teeth: incisal edge
Which material is used for canals between visits
Non setting calcium hydroxide
A recent randomised controlled trial (Clarkson et al., 2009) conducted in
Scotland, used psychological models to frame the delivery of an intervention to improve dental hygiene. Having utilised Social Cognitive Theory to improve the patients’ perceptions of their competence at tooth brushing, which model was utilised to ensure that the patients brushed their teeth regularly?
A. Social support
B. Theory of Reasoned Action
C. Implementation Intentions
D. Locus of Control
E. Stanton’s Model of Adherence
C. Implementation intentions
Which toothpaste concentration for high risk 2 year old kid
1350-1500ppmF
What is the primary aim of an audit?
Improve healthcare - ensure standards are being met
What is the first line blood test for anaemia?
Full blood count
What method is used to spot novelty in microorganisms
PCR and 16S rRNA amplification and cloning
Alcohol based hand rub (ABHR) is NOT useful against what particular bacteria
Clostridium Difficile
What is the definition of viscoelasticity
ability to demonstrate viscous and elastic properties
How much of the damage to nerves with lower 8 removal is temporary and how much is permanent
Temporary (10-20%)
Permanent (<1%)
What is it called when a patient experiences abnormal pain sensation as a result to damage to nerves
Dysaesthesia
60kV what is the most use photons:
8
18
48
58
68
58kV
What is the most important piece of information to tell the radiographer
Clinical findings and radiographic view
What is cystic fibrosis?
Thick mucus which impedes cilias movement
What is an oral complication of cerebral palsy
Bruxism
What drug is often used as a first line to treat osteoarthritis
NSAIDs
What drug is often used to treat candida albicans
Fluconazole
What is the definition of a anteroposterior skeletal class III
Mandible in front of maxilla
How could you reduce trauma to the pulp during restorative procedure
Use a coolant (water)
Following restoration of a single tooth under LA, how would you appropriately determine occlusal contacts?
Use thin articulating paper
Dose reduction in intraoral radiography is best achieved by which collimation and by how much is the reduction
Rectangular collimation reduces dose by 50%
What is the speed film that would give the patient a reduction in exposure time and dose and by how much
F speed film
F is 20% faster than E (E is twice as fast as D)
This would result in 20% reduction in exposure time & dose
Prescribing medication for children requires alteration from an adult prescription. The most important change to make is?
Dose of the drug
Diabetes is a common disorder in the elderly. Complications of this condition that lead to difficulty in being independent. The complication is most likely?
Maculopathy
Diabetic maculopathy
Patient who is a 45 year old male with significant oral ulceration may have an underlying anaemia what is another possible underlying medical condition that may cause oral ulceration and anaemia
Peptic ulcer disease
In a patient with excellent plaque control, application of an intermittent non-axial occlusal force to a tooth gives rise to
Widening of the PDL and increased mobility
The retruded axis is
Dynamic relationship during which the mandible opens and closes on a reproducible hinge axis
What is chroma?
Intensity of color
You perform an extraction on a patient. The patient comes back 3 hours later bleeding. What is the preferential immediate treatment?
Bite on gauze with firm and even pressure
Under conditions of high sugar supply, what is formed under anaerobic conditions?
Lactate
What are facultative anaerobes?
Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
During root canal instrumentation of a sclerosed canal, what provides greatest benefit in making exploration easier?
EDTA 17%
Bilateral ankle swelling that worsens as the day progresses would suggest that the patient has what?
Congestive heart failure
