m/j 2020 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Using Fig. 4.1, only describe the distribution of the areas where fruit A is grown.
- Central Sindh and South West Balochistan, and East of the River Indus
Using Fig. 4.1 only, state two differences between the locations of the areas where fruits B and C are grown.
- B is in two provinces, whereas C is in one.
- C is in Balochistan.
Explain the ideal natural growing conditions needed to grow bananas in Pakistan. You should develop your answer.
- Hot temperature is needed
- Average annual rainfall
- The soil needs to be fertile
- High # of sunshine hours required
Define ‘subsistence farming’.
Farming for own use
State two human and two natural inputs for subsistence rice farming.
human inputs
- Draft power
- Fertilizer
Natural input:
- Climate
- Manure
Suggest two disadvantages of subsistence farming.
- May not grow enough food to eat
- However, it’s also labor-intensive
(d) Evaluate the extent to which different strategies used to increase agricultural production in Pakistan have been successful. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.
To increase agricultural production:
- Irrigation systems
- Mechanization
- Education
May not succeed because:
- Programmes may be restricted to specific areas
- Many farmers use traditional methods
- Many farmers cannot afford to take loans
Name two types of coal found in Pakistan and describe the characteristics of each.
- Anthracite; high-quality coal
- Lignite; lower quality coal
State one major use of coal in Pakistan.
cement
Study Fig. 3.2 (Insert), a diagram showing a hydropower station. Using Fig. 3.2 only, describe how electricity can be generated using this method.
- Uses the force of flowing water to spin the turbines
- The generator creates electricity
- The electric current is regulated by the transformer
Explain two benefits of generating electricity using hydropower. You should develop your answer.
- Water is a renewable source
- HEP is referred to as white coal because it doesn’t have to burn anything
- Once HEP stations are set up, running costs are low
A: Pakistan should make use of its fossil fuel resources as long as they are available.
B: Pakistan should prepare for the future
and further develop its renewable energy resources.
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.
Continue to make use of its fossil fuels:
- Pak. Already has power stations set up to use coal/oil/gas
- It uses existing skills and technology
- Cheaper than setting up alternatives from scratch
Prepare for the future because:
- It is environment-friendly
- Once set up, running costs are low
- No air pollution
Using Fig. 2.2 only, compare the rainfall and temperature for city A and city B.
- A has more rain than B
- B has higher summer temperatures than A
- Both have low winter temperatures
Explain how the following factors affect temperature in cities A and B. You should develop your answer
Altitude: Temperatures decrease as altitude increases or vice versa
Latitude: Temperatures decrease with distance from the equator as latitude increases
Thunderstorms are one source of rainfall. State three other sources of rainfall in Pakistan.
- Monsoon winds
- The Western Depressions
- Convectional currents
Other than flooding, describe two problems experienced by people as a result of thunderstorms.
- Destroys crops
- Electricity can be cut off
Floods are a normal occurrence in Pakistan. However, every seven to eight years, there are severe floods.
Assess the extent to which the problems of severe flooding can be managed in Pakistan.
Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.
Severe flooding can be managed by:
- Afforestation
- Building embankments
- Building extra channels to remove floodwater from cities
Can be difficult to manage:
- Very expensive to introduce man-made structures
- Can only be done in certain areas
- One off extreme events cannot always be planned for
Using Fig. 1.2 only, describe the location of this university
- In the southwest of the city;
- South of the river;
- On/along the main road/railway
Suggest two factors that may affect access to university education in Pakistan.
- Some cannot gain basic education/entry qualifications, as the costs/fees are too expensive
- Many in rural areas cannot access higher education therefore, more university places are needed.
Define ‘small-scale’ industry
- Has assets less than Rs 10 million and has up to 10 hired labourers and family labour.
Using Fig. 1.2 (Insert) only, suggest two advantages of developing a new information technology business area at X.
- Near the university for skilled labour and links with the university for research
- Near Model Town for the workforce, and can be located anywhere
Explain how the following factors can increase economic development in Pakistan. You should develop your answer.
degree-level qualifications:
Use of telecommunications:
DEGREE QUALIFICATIONS:
- Skilled workforce (will be attractive to international businesses) and
will reduce unemployment (more people earning higher wages)
USE OF TELE:
- Enables businesses to communicate instantly around the world (No need to wait for meetings/travel abroad)
State two strategies used by governing authorities to promote industrial growth in Pakistan
- Restrictions on exports
- Training and education
The number of information technology (IT) users in Pakistan has increased rapidly since 2000.
Evaluate the extent to which the use of IT in Pakistan has the potential to reduce unemployment. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.
IT may reduce unemployment because:
- More entrepreneurs are generated.
- Will reduce the need for managers to be brought in from businesses abroad; therefore, new businesses will open.
- Can train future generations
IT may not reduce unemployment because:
- Equipment and training can be expensive.
- Not all students/families can afford to go to university and develop IT skills
- Many IT graduates emigrate, so Pakistan does not always benefit from them
