M1

Question 1

Levels of communication accdng to number of participants

Answer 1

Intrapersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Mediated/Media-Assisted Communication
Public Communication
Mass Communication

Question 2

The communication that takes place within a person; an internal conversation with oneself

Answer 2

Intrapersonal Communication

Question 3

The communication that occurs between two (dyad) or more persons (small group) interacting with each other to convey information

Answer 3

Interpersonal Communication

Question 4

A type of interpersonal communication that uses the aid of mechanical (machines) and technological (electronics and computers) devices and the internet

Answer 4

Mediated or Machine-Assisted Communication

Question 5

Involves an individual delivering a speech or a message in front of an audience; public speaking

Answer 5

Public Communication

Question 6

Involves two or more persons or an institution using mechanical and technological devices to produce and transmit messages to a large number of mixed audiences

Answer 6

Mass Communication

Question 7

Types of Models of Communication

Answer 7

Linear/Transmission model of communication
Interactive/Interaction model of communication
Transaction model of communication

Question 8

Describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver. It focuses on the sender and message within a communication encounter

Answer 8

Linear/Transmission model of communication

Question 9

Describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts.

It is more concerned with the communication process itself and takes physical and psychological context into account.

Answer 9

Interactive/Interaction model of communication

Question 10

Describes communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts. It considers how social, relational, and cultural contexts frame and influence our communication encounters.

Answer 10

Transaction model of communication

Question 11

Understanding and using mass media in either an assertive or non-assertive way, including an informed and critical understanding of media, the techniques they employ and their effects

Answer 11

Media Literacy

Question 12

The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of media forms (e.g. television, print, radio, computers etc.)

Answer 12

Media Literacy

Question 13

The ability to decode, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of forms.

Answer 13

Media Literacy

Question 14

The ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats

Answer 14

Information Literacy

Question 15

Ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to locate, evaluate, use and create information

The ability to understand and use information in multiple formats from a wide range of sources when presented via computers, or to a person’s ability to perform tasks effectively in a digital environment

The ability to read and interpret media, reproduce data and images through digital manipulation, and evaluate and apply new knowledge gained from digital environments

Answer 15

Digital (Technology) Literacy

Question 16

A fusion of the various information and media sources and incorporated with the concept of literacy.

Indicative of the converging traditional and non-traditional media. With the acknowledgement of the need of library, news, television literacy, the traditional conventions of these media are now transforming into new forms.

Answer 16

Media Information Literacy

Question 17

People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron.

Answer 17

Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)

Question 18

People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press).

Answer 18

Industrial Age

Question 19

The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient.

Answer 19

Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)

Question 20

The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We live in this age.

Answer 20

Information Age

Question 21

Media experience is limited
One-directional
Sense receptors used are very specific (print media as sense of sight, radios as sense of hearing, TV and film as both)

Answer 21

Traditional Media

Question 22

Media experience is more interactive.
Audiences are more involved and can send feedback simultaneously
Integrates all the aspects of old media

Answer 22

New Media

Question 23

Technology is the predominant agent of social and cultural change. But it is not technology that drives culture; it is how people use technology.

The idea that machines and their development drive economic and cultural change

Answer 23

Technological Determinism

Question 24

Society is conceived of as the major factor determining the technological agenda and conditioning the diffusion of the technologies it produces.

It tends to be less judgmental as to technology’s effects, seeing them rather as consequences of other social factors

Answer 24

Cultural Determinism

Question 25

An idea that explains how media should ideally operate in a given system of social values The relationship between Press and the Government; the ownership of the media and who controls the press or media in the country

Answer 25

Normative Theories of the Press

Question 26

Three Normative Theories of the Press

Answer 26

Libertarianism Social Responsibility Theory Authoritarianism and Communism

Question 27

The philosophy of the press asserting the good and rational people can tell right from wrong if presented with full and free access to information; therefore, censorship is unnecessary. It is free from any authority, control, or censorship.

Answer 27

Libertarianism

Question 28

Asserts that the media must remain free from government control but, in exchange, the media must serve the public. It also allows community opinion, consumer action, and professional ethics.

Answer 28

Social Responsibility Theory

Question 29

Both call for subjugation of media for the purpose of serving the government The press is an instrument to enhance the ruler’s power in the country. Thus, there is full censorship, a suppression of any communication which may be considered as harmful to the people, the leader, the government, and the nation. Types of censorship: political censor, moral censor, religious censor, military censor, corporate censor

Answer 29

Authoritarianism and Communism

Question 30

Functions of Communication in Media

Answer 30

Monitoring Function Meaning and Significance of Facts Public Opinion and Expression of Dissent "Watchdog" role of Journalism Channel for Advocacy for Political VIewpoints

Question 31

Enumerate the three types of Media

Answer 31

Print Media Broadcast Media New Media

Question 32

Paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical

Answer 32

Print Media

Question 33

Reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium

Answer 33

Broadcast Media

Question 34

Content organized and distributed on digital platforms

Answer 34

New Media

Question 35

The co-existence of traditional and new media The ability to transform into different kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of devices

Answer 35

Media Convergence

Question 36

Enumerate the Effects of Media

Answer 36

Mass Society Theory Limited Effects Theory Cultural Theory Meaning-making Perspective

Question 37

The idea that the media are corrupting influences that undermine the social order and that ‘average’ people are defenseless against their influence...‘average’ people were all those who did not hold the superior tastes and values of the mass society theorists

Answer 37

Mass Society Theory

Question 38

media influence was limited by individual differences (for example, in intelligence and education), social categories (such as religion and political affiliation), and personal relationships (such as friends and family).

Answer 38

Limited Effects Theory

Question 39

Our experience of reality is an ongoing, social construction, not something that is only sent, delivered, or otherwise transmitted by one authority or elite. Meaning and, therefore, effects are negotiated by media and audiences as they interact in the culture.

Answer 39

Cultural Theory

Question 40

Active audience members use media content to create meaning, and meaningful experiences, for themselves. Naturally, this use can produce important macro-level, or cultural, effects as well.

Answer 40

Meaning-Making Perspective