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APICS 1 > M1-D: Manufacturing strategies, KPI, metrics > Flashcards

M1-D: Manufacturing strategies, KPI, metrics Flashcards

1
Q

How can product variety be seen from the Production Environment perspective?

A

Strong customer position able to influence over the design phase

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2
Q

What are the relevant dimensions to decide which Production Environment is best suited for the job?

A

Product Variety vs. Production Volumes

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3
Q

What is the best Production Environment for Medium/High Variety but Medium/Low Volumes?

A

MTO

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4
Q

What is the best Production Environment for High Variety but Low Volumes?

A

ETO

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5
Q

What is the best Production Environment for Medium/Low Variety but Medium/High Volumes?

A

ATO

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6
Q

What is the best Production Environment for Low Variety but High Volumes?

A

MTS

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7
Q

What is the most suited Layout when MTS?

A

Product based Line or Continuous Flow

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8
Q

What is the most suited Layout when ETO?

A

Project based Fixed position layout

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9
Q

What is the most suited Layout when MTO?

A

Functional Work centers or Batches

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10
Q

What is the most suited Layout when ATO?

A

Functional or Cellular Batches

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11
Q

How should a Gas refinery organise its production

A

Setting up a Continuous Flow layout, organized by product

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12
Q

How is typical Lead Time in ETOs?

A

Long, typically due to Engineering and Job-based procurement

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13
Q

What are the Lead Time components for a MTS?

A

Order release and shipping

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14
Q

Does Product Variety also implies Task Variety?

A

Yes, greater the customizations greater the probability of new activities never done to perform

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15
Q

Is there only one viable option when deciding the Production Environment?

A

No, in such cases all viable alternatives must be benchmarked and sorted in terms of total costs, additional investments and benefits

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16
Q

Does MTS produces low inventory costs?

A

No, producing high-volumes with the purpose stocking, thus without a qualified order attached to each units, creates large cost opportunity risk, obsolescence and carrying costs.

17
Q

What are key-enablers for effective ATO?

A

Product modularization and components standardization

18
Q

How ATO is achieved?

A

Building standard components using a MTS approach based on forecasts, then leaving the final “non-return points” such as painting to the receipt of a qualified customer order

19
Q

What is the difference between CTO and ATO?

A

In CTO is not said that all standard components are manufactured before receipt of a qualified customer order

20
Q

What differs between MTO and ETO?

A

in MTO the design changes imposed by the customer do not require complete re-engineering activities, but manufacturing might require longer time to apply customizations

21
Q

What is Remanufacturing?

A

The industrial process of restoring worn-out products into like-new conditions

22
Q

What is the difference between Repairing and Remanufacturing?

A

In Repaired products, the components that critically failed or reached their EoL are replaced with brand-new ones.

Remanufactured products instead are completely restored to new by means of manufacturing activities

23
Q

Is remanufacturing part of reverse logistics?

A

Yes

24
Q

When is it possible to try deploying hybrid systems like mass customisations or postponement?

A

When the supply chain network is mature and flexible enough (flexible capacity) to sustain such advanced production methods

25
Q

What is mass customisation?

A

Producing high volumes of a large variety of products, balancing the higher costs due to customisation with the large volumes produced. Dell manufacturing process is an example of effective massive customisation

26
Q

What is postponement?

A

the practise of delaying the customisation step as close as possible to the end of the production process, reducing risk of obsolescence due to production of wrong product bundle.

Sometimes achieved by postponing easy last assembling operations to the warehouse facilities, like product labeling in country specific language, country specific power outlet insertion, ect

27
Q

What lowers the cost of production for high volumes environments?

A

Dedicated, faster manufacturing equipment justified by the high utilizations rate, rather than a general purpose “worked around to do that” piece of equipment which mandatorily is slower than a dedicated one

28
Q

What are the key decisional variables for setting Production Environments and Layouts?

A
  1. Volumes
  2. Variety
  3. Lead times
29
Q

What makes the delivery lead time?

A

Is the overall time elapsed between the customer order receipt to “to-the-door” delivery of the product

30
Q

What is the MTO assumption about lead time?

A

Raw materials availability on site at customer order receipt

31
Q

What is the ATO assumption about lead time?

A

All standard components availability on site at customer order recepit

32
Q

What is the MTS assumption about lead time?

A

Finished good inventory availability on customer order receipt

33
Q

What types of Lead time exists?

A
  1. Supplier Lead Time : average order fulfillment time shown by supplier after order release from procurement or planning
  2. Procurement Lead Time : the overall ETO lead time elapsed when a NPI or customized project are accepted
  3. Purchasing Lead Time :
34
Q

What is a performance standard?

A

it is the accepted, targeted, expected value for the criterion under a valuation

35
Q

How to monitor performances?

A

by comparing actual measures with the performance standard

36
Q

what is a tactical plan?

A

It is the collection of all the developed functional plans like production plan, sales plan, marketing plan, which are used to synchronize activities across all the company functions to support the successful execution of the organizations strategic plan

APICS 1 (7 decks)

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